Statistical and analytical review of worldwide CO2 immiscible field applications

Zhang, Na; Wei, Mingzhen; Bai, Baojun

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.01.140

Cited by 88 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Miscible solvents can quickly pass into high permeable pores in carbonate and sandstone reservoirs. As a result, the oil and gas miscible mode may be produced in a porous medium (although these fluids are not “first-contact” miscible when mixed in a container) . As gas injection pressure exceeds its MMP, it becomes a stronger solvent.…”

Section: Eor Methods In Shale/tight Oil Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dissolution of the solvent in the reservoir oil begins the extraction process of hydrocarbons within the oil into the gas-rich phase. In this scenario, multiple-contact miscibility (MCM) between injected gas and crude oil is generated in a porous medium . Such a mechanism is occasionally called a “flushing” mechanism .…”

Section: Gas-eor Mechanism In Shale/tight Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Huff-n-Puff Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shale/Tight Oil Reservoirs: Progress, Gaps, and Perspectives

et al. 2021

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In recent times, particularly in the 21st century, there has been an alarming increase in the demand for global energy, along with continuous depletion in conventional oil reservoirs. This necessity has incentivized interested scholars and operators worldwide to seek alternative oil resources. To secure such accelerating energy demand, considerable effort has been directed toward the development of previously unconventional oil formations that, in past decades, had remained sidelined. Although shale oil reservoirs have seen tremendous success over the past decade, the continued challenges of rapidly declining oil flow rates and oil retention in the pores continuously persist. Substantial attempts have been made to improve shale-bypassed oil recovery; however, there is little data about the accessibility on recovery mechanisms, especially in the oil field. Furthermore, approachesparticularly, Huff-n-Puff (H-n-P) experiments using conventional proceduresfail to properly represent field conditions and they generate deceptive findings, because the utilized cores are not simulated under realistic reservoir conditions, leaving the significance of critical factors unclear. Therefore, this review study comprehensively and specifically discusses the feasibility of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods in unconventional oil reservoirs. Beside addressing the validity of the currently applied H-n-P technology in shale/tight oil reservoirs and underlining some critical gaps regarding laboratory results, modified technology is proposed in this paper for a better field future performance. The study is divided into sections, and each section analyzes the role of one specific H-n-P portion in detail, such as preferable injected solvents, their mechanisms, and critical factors affecting H-n-P recovery. The exceptions to this are the first and second sections, which provide a brief introduction about shale and tight oil reservoirs, a history of applied technology, and the method’s current problem statement. In the Introduction section, the authors will justify why this Review fills a critical gap in the field. Within the assessment study, great focus is given to the H-n-P technique, its parameters, and effective processes. In the final sections, carefully chosen experimental results and tools are reviewed to highlight the controversy and state “the gap”.

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Section: Eor Methods In Shale/tight Oil Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gas-eor Mechanism In Shale/tight Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Huff-n-Puff Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shale/Tight Oil Reservoirs: Progress, Gaps, and Perspectives

et al. 2021

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“…The boxplots demonstrate that most projects are conducted in lower reservoir temperatures compared to other EOR techniques. 39 , 58 , 59 The shallower burial depth is one of the reasons for the lower temperature, where the temperature is positively related to the depth with an average geothermal gradient of 2 °F/100 ft. 60 Another reason is that lower reservoir temperatures may cause a greater temperature difference when the same amount of steam is injected with the same temperature, which results in a more significant reduction of oil viscosity, especially in heavy oil reservoirs. Also, boxplots in C2, C3, and C4 elucidate similar ranges for both temperature and oil saturation, which means that other reservoir/fluid properties may have significant differences between C2, C3, and C4 (e.g., porosity, permeability).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Recognition for Steam Flooding Field Applications Based on Hierarchical Clustering and Principal Component Analysis

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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Steam flooding is a complex process that has been considered as an effective enhanced oil recovery technique in both heavy oil and light oil reservoirs. Many studies have been conducted on different sets of steam flooding projects using the conventional data analysis methods, while the implementation of machine learning algorithms to find the hidden patterns is rarely found. In this study, a hierarchical clustering algorithm (HCA) coupled with principal component analysis is used to analyze the steam flooding projects worldwide. The goal of this research is to group similar steam flooding projects into the same cluster so that valuable operational design experiences and production performance from the analogue cases can be referenced for decision-making. Besides, hidden patterns embedded in steam flooding applications can be revealed based on data characteristics of each cluster for different reservoir/fluid conditions. In this research, principal component analysis is applied to project original data to a new feature space, which finds two principal components to represent the eight reservoir/fluid parameters (8D) but still retain about 90% of the variance. HCA is implemented with the optimized design of five clusters, Euclidean distance, and Ward’s linkage method. The results of the hierarchical clustering depict that each cluster detects a unique range of each property, and the analogue cases present that fields under similar reservoir/fluid conditions could share similar operational design and production performance.

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“…N 2 and CO 2 are the most widely used because of their abundance and high oil recovery efficiency. [83,84] The CO 2 foam is a multiphase dispersion system formed by CO 2 dispersed in the liquid phase with the assistance of surfactants. [85] After CO 2 foam injection, the oil saturation of the core can be further reduced, and the oil displacement efficiency, especially the oil displacement efficiency of the hot water zone, can be improved.…”

Section: Classification Of Steam Foam Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of High‐Temperature Foam for Improving Steam Flooding Effect: Mechanism and Application of Foam

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2022

Energy Tech

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With the exploitation of light oil approaching saturation, the exploitation of heavy oil is of particular importance. Thermal recovery technology is typically used in heavy oil recovery, such as steam flooding (SF), steam‐assisted gravity drainage, and cyclic steam stimulation. However, SF technology brings problems such as gravity overlap, viscous fingering, and channeling, reducing the sweep efficiency and oil recovery efficiency. Some studies have proposed that foam and steam should be injected into the reservoir together to plug, turn, and reduce viscosity. Heavy oil production occurs mostly under high‐temperature conditions, which require that the foaming agents have good foaming ability in this environment. The generated foam should have good stability. Meanwhile, the mechanism of steam foam enhancing oil recovery (EOR) also changes. Therefore, the research on the mechanism and application of steam foam technology is discussed. First, the basic theory of foam is introduced, and the research on the mechanism of steam foam EOR is discussed. Second, the application of steam foam in the laboratory and the field is summarized. Finally, the full text is summarized and some prospects are made, to provide some help for future research.

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Statistical and analytical review of worldwide CO2 immiscible field applications

Cited by 88 publications

References 38 publications

Huff-n-Puff Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shale/Tight Oil Reservoirs: Progress, Gaps, and Perspectives

Huff-n-Puff Technology for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Shale/Tight Oil Reservoirs: Progress, Gaps, and Perspectives

Pattern Recognition for Steam Flooding Field Applications Based on Hierarchical Clustering and Principal Component Analysis

A Review of High‐Temperature Foam for Improving Steam Flooding Effect: Mechanism and Application of Foam

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