Statistical and analytical models for roof components in existing light-framed wood structures

Assessment of wind speeds based on damage observations from the Angus (Ontario) Tornado of 17 June 2014

“…Published experiments have revealed failure modes and capacities for toe-nailed RTWCs (e.g., Cheng 2004;Shanmugam et al 2009; Morrison and Kopp 2011;Khan et al 2012). Of particular interest for the current study, Morrison and Kopp (2011) applied ramp and realistic fluctuating wind loads to toe-nailed connections with sufficient numbers of specimens (approximately 20 for each loading rate) to examine failure mechanisms as well as to obtain statistically reliable capacities for both code-compliant connections (three nails per connection) and those with missing nails.…”

Full-scale testing of low-rise, residential buildings with realistic wind loads

“…Either the load rate at which the connection is pulled apart (i.e., withdrawal rate) is fixed, typically at a rate of approximately 5 mm/min, and the load to maintain this rate is measured, or the load is slowly increased until failure occurs. There have been many studies using these two approaches (Reed et al, 1997;Riley and Sadek, 2003;Cheng, 2004, andShanmugam et al, 2009). Fluctuating wind loads (shown in Fig. 11), obtained from the wind tunnel, were applied to toe-nail connections with a displacement time series for a typical specimen shown in Fig.…”

Multi-hazard Approaches to Civil Infrastructure Engineering

“…The numbers of windows, entry doors, and garage doors for the four houses were counted from their damage survey pictures and are presented in Table 15.1, whereas Table 15.2 provides a Shanmugam et al (2009) summary of the capacities of various assemblies. The capacity statistics of building components could be found in the previous studies, such as , Cope (2004), Shen (2013), Shanmugam et al (2009), andHenderson et al (2013). In the sampling scheme, the normal distribution is truncated at two standard deviations from the mean.…”