Statistical analysis on hardness of clutch facing at various stages in clutch face manufacturing

Gavaskar, S.; Karthick, K.; Bibin, Chidambaranathan

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.860

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A more attention should also be paid on manufacturing process of friction materials intended for clutch facings whose required performances, formulation and process are similar to that used for brake linings [178]. In a recent study [179], the hardness was investigated as it was considered as the major root cause for the failure of clutch operation. The studied organic clutches were elaborated, as organic brake pad, according to the usual procedure: mixing raw materials, preforming, hot pressing and heating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Braking performance of friction materials: a review of manufacturing process impact and future trends

Hentati

Makni

Elleuch

2023

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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The brake friction materials are composite materials with multi-ingredient systems which induce a complex formulation. This complexity is also the result of the manufacturing parameters effects, such as mixture sequence and duration, moulding pressure, time, temperature and heat treatment time. Therefore, heterogeneity is induced as well in the characteristics (microstructure, density, etc.) as in the behaviour (mechanical, tribological, dynamic, etc.). Despite the study of the effect of manufacturing parameters on the friction material behaviour, the synergistic effect between the heterogeneity and the braking performance is still not well reported. This paper strives to eliminate the cloud of uncertainty of the role of manufacturing parameters on the friction material performances by providing most used process of elaboration, and most required properties for contemporary brake system. Innovation in brake discs and pad manufacturing by optimized algorithms, prediction approaches, and 3D printing process is presented as innovative methods to improve braking materials performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Braking performance of friction materials: a review of manufacturing process impact and future trends

Hentati

Makni

Elleuch

2023

Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces

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“…The manufacturing process is well documented in [5,6,43]. Clutch facings are manufactured in the following steps (temperature and pressure data depend on the end use and geometry of the product):…”

Section: Clutch Facing Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tests are carried out on standard laboratory devices [6] or real tests in the automotive industry [3] and show, for example, the influence of the sliding speed on the coefficient of friction [42]. The mechanical or thermomechanical properties depend on the manufacturing process [43] and are generally obtained by measurements during tests performed on samples cut from clutch facings and on as-received A clutch facing therefore needs to have a number of different properties to work effectively, including a high coefficient of friction, a good wear resistance, a high thermal stability, a low density and good mechanical properties. To achieve the best compromise, the materials used today are polymer matrix composites [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tests are carried out on standard laboratory devices [6] or real tests in the automotive industry [3] and show, for example, the influence of the sliding speed on the coefficient of friction [42]. The mechanical or thermomechanical properties depend on the manufacturing process [43] and are generally obtained by measurements during tests performed on samples cut from clutch facings and on as-received materials [5]. Although the materials used for clutch facings are subjected to repeated thermal stresses, little research has been carried out on their evolution and damage under thermal fatigue loading [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Average and Local Effect of Thermal Fatigue on the Coefficients of the Thermal Expansion of a Complex Continuous Composite Fibre Used for Car Clutch Facing: A Multi-Technique Study

Flament,

Berthel,

Salvia

et al. 2023

Materials

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The clutch facing is a complex organic matrix composite in dry clutch systems. When the clutch engages, there is a sliding contact between the clutch facing and the mating surfaces, resulting in temperature increases of up to 300 °C. These thermal cycles activate several mechanisms that can have consequences on such material: cracking and, more generally, the ageing of the polymer. The thermomechanical properties of the material therefore evolve according to the number of thermal cycles. This study focused on investigating the local and average evolution of the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of clutch facing as a function of thermal cycles. Several techniques were employed, including image stereocorrelation for determining the CTE, Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests for monitoring the ageing of the material and acoustic emission for highlighting the damage. The results showed that the average CTE decreased as a function of the temperature and the number of loading cycles, while locally, it increased in some areas and decreased in others. These differences appear to be the result of material heterogeneity (actual yarn tracing, etc.) and interaction between cracking and ageing mechanisms in the polymer matrix. Indeed, thermal cycling led to cracking and additional crosslinking, which is influenced by ageing conditions.

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Statistical analysis on hardness of clutch facing at various stages in clutch face manufacturing

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Braking performance of friction materials: a review of manufacturing process impact and future trends

Braking performance of friction materials: a review of manufacturing process impact and future trends

Average and Local Effect of Thermal Fatigue on the Coefficients of the Thermal Expansion of a Complex Continuous Composite Fibre Used for Car Clutch Facing: A Multi-Technique Study

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