Statistical analysis of primary and secondary atmospheric formaldehyde

Friedfeld, Stephen; Fraser, Matthew P.; Ensor, Katherine B.; Tribble, Seth; Rehle, D.; Leleux, D.; Tittel, Frank K.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00558-7

Cited by 92 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Several previous studies in various urban areas (Anderson et al, 1996;Possanzini et al, 1996;Friedfeld et al, 2002;Possanzini et al, 2002;Rappenglück et al, 2005;Garcia et al, 2006) estimated contributions of primary emissions to the observed HCHO; up to 37% was estimated for the HGA (Friedfeld et al, 2002). The primary HCHO fraction originating from traffic emissions showed strong diurnal variation (Rappenglück et al, 2005;Garcia et al, 2006) with morning rush hour maxima (up to 100%) and midday minima (down to 20%) as insolation intensity reached a maximum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Since CO is directly being emitted from combustion, CO has previously been used in urban studies to evaluate the traffic exhaust related HCHO emissions (Anderson et al, 1996;Possanzini et al, 1996;Friedfeld et al, 2002;Rappenglück et al, 2005;Garcia et al, 2006). Dynanometer studies showed that the emission ratio of HCHO/CO is typically 0.001-0.002 ppbv/ppbv for gasoline engine passenger cars, but can be 10× higher for diesel cars depending on driving conditions (Schmitz et al, 1999).…”

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have used CO for estimating the primary HCHO fraction (Possanzini et al, 1996;Anderson et al, 1996;Friedfeld et al, 2002;Rappenglück et al, 2005;Garcia et al, 2006). For estimating secondary HCHO fractions either ozone (Friedfeld et al, 2002) or glyoxal (CHOCHO) (Garcia et al, 2006) were used.…”

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For estimating secondary HCHO fractions either ozone (Friedfeld et al, 2002) or glyoxal (CHOCHO) (Garcia et al, 2006) were used. In our study we apply multiple surrogates for HCHO: (1) CO as a surrogate for vehicular source, (2) PAN as an unambiguous photochemical tracer and (3) SO 2 as an indicator for industrial sources.…”

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

et al. 2010

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Abstract. The Houston-Galveston Airshed (HGA) is one of the major metropolitan areas in the US that is classified as a nonattainment area of federal ozone standards. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a key species in understanding ozone related air pollution; some of the highest HCHO concentrations in North America have been reported for the HGA. We report on HCHO measurements in the HGA from summer 2006. Among several sites, maximum HCHO mixing ratios were observed in the Houston Ship Channel (HSC), a region with a very high density of industrial/petrochemical operations.HCHO levels at the Moody Tower (MT) site close to downtown were dependent on the wind direction: southerly maritime winds brought in background levels (0.5-1 ppbv) while trajectories originating in the HSC resulted in high HCHO (up to 31.5 ppbv). Based on the best multiparametric linear regression model fit, the HCHO levels at the MT site can be accounted for as follows: 38.5±12.3% from primary vehicular emissions (using CO as an index of vehicular emission), 24.1±17.7% formed photochemically (using peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (PAN) as an index of photochemical activity) and 8.9±11.2% from industrial emissions (using SO 2 as an index of industrial emissions). The balance 28.5±12.7% constituted the residual which cannot be easily ascribed to the above categories and/or which is transported into the HGA. The CO related HCHO fraction is dominant during the morning rush hour (06:00-09:00 h, all times are given in CDT); on a carbon basis, HCHO emissions are up to 0.7% of the CO emissions. The SO 2 related HCHO Correspondence to: B. Rappenglück (brappenglueck@uh.edu) fraction is significant between 09:00-12:00 h. After 12:00 h HCHO is largely formed through secondary processes. The HCHO/PAN ratios are dependent on the SO 2 levels. The SO 2 related HCHO fraction at the downtown site originates in the ship channel. Aside from traffic-related primary HCHO emissions, HCHO of industrial origin serves as an appreciable source for OH in the morning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Possible Contributions To Ambient Hcho Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

et al. 2010

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“…[5] Linear regression analysis conducted by Friedfeld et al [2002] and Rappenglück et al [2010] showed that approximately 45-50% of HCHO at an industrially influenced urban site (Deer Park, south of HSC) and an urban site (Moody Tower [MT] in University of Houston) can be attributed to primary emissions of HCHO. More recently, Buzcu Guven and applied Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) on the same dataset used by Rappenglück et al [2010] and found that HCHO associated with motor vehicle, industry and biogenic factors account for 23%, 17%, and 24% of the total HCHO, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of formaldehyde during TexAQS 2006 using a source‐oriented chemical transport model

Zhang

Ying

et al. 2013

JGR Atmospheres

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[1] In this study, a source-oriented version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was developed and used to quantify the contributions of five major local emission source types in Southeast Texas (vehicles, industry, natural gas combustion, wildfires, biogenic sources), as well as upwind sources, to regional primary and secondary formaldehyde (HCHO) concentrations. Predicted HCHO concentrations agree well with observations at two urban sites (the Moody Tower [MT] site at the University of Houston and the Haden Road #3 site operated by Texas Commission on Environmental Quality). However, the model underestimates concentrations at an industrial site (Lynchburg Ferry). Throughout most of Southeast Texas, primary HCHO accounts for approximately 20-30% of total HCHO, while the remaining portion is due to secondary HCHO (30-50%) and upwind sources (20-50%). Biogenic sources, natural gas combustion, and vehicles are important sources of primary HCHO in the urban Houston area, respectively, accounting for 10-20%, 10-30%, and 20-60% of total primary HCHO. Biogenic sources, industry, and vehicles are the top three sources of secondary HCHO, respectively, accounting for 30-50%, 10-30%, and 5-15% of overall secondary HCHO. It was also found that over 70% of PAN in the Houston area is due to upwind sources, and only 30% is formed locally. The model-predicted source contributions to HCHO at the MT generally agree with source apportionment results obtained from the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) technique.

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Overview of the SHARP campaign: Motivation, design, and major outcomes

et al. 2014

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The Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursors (SHARP) was a field campaign developed by the Houston Advanced Research Center on behalf of the Texas Environmental Research Consortium. SHARP capitalized on previous research associated with the Second Texas Air Quality Study and the development of the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Houston-Galveston-Brazoria (HGB) ozone nonattainment area. These earlier studies pointed to an apparent deficit in ozone production in the SIP attainment demonstration model despite the enhancement of simulated emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds in accordance with the findings of the original Texas Air Quality Study in 2000. The scientific hypothesis underlying the SHARP campaign was that there are significant undercounted primary and secondary sources of the radical precursors, formaldehyde, and nitrous acid, in both heavily industrialized and more typical urban areas of Houston. These sources, if properly taken into account, could increase the production of ozone in the SIP model and the simulated efficacy of control strategies designed to bring the HGB area into ozone attainment. This overview summarizes the precursor studies and motivations behind SHARP, as well as the overall experimental design and major findings of the 2009 field campaign. These findings include significant combustion sources of formaldehyde at levels greater than accounted for in current point source emission inventories; the underestimation of formaldehyde and nitrous acid emissions, as well as CO/NO x and NO 2 /NO x ratios, by mobile source models; and the enhancement of nitrous acid by atmospheric organic aerosol.

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Statistical analysis of primary and secondary atmospheric formaldehyde

Cited by 92 publications

References 18 publications

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Source apportionment of formaldehyde during TexAQS 2006 using a source‐oriented chemical transport model

Overview of the SHARP campaign: Motivation, design, and major outcomes

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Statistical analysis of primary and secondary atmospheric formaldehyde

Cited by 92 publications

References 18 publications

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Source apportionment of formaldehyde during TexAQS 2006 using a source‐oriented chemical transport model

Overview of the SHARP campaign: Motivation, design, and major outcomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed

Formaldehyde and its relation to CO, PAN, and SO<sub>2</sub> in the Houston-Galveston airshed