“…The same phenomena have been observed for a smaller droplet of mm or sub-mm size (e.g., ( [26] in paper). Further work is needed to assure whether the similar results may be observed for a very fine droplet in the practical fuel spray.…”
Section: Commentssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…Reply. The present results, including the phase separation and the statistical characteristics of microexplosion hold for a suspended droplet burning in gaseous environments ( [25][26][27] in paper]. d Mani Pourouchottamane.…”
Section: Commentsmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…The coefficients A and K are 1.01 · 10 4 [K] and 6.0 · 10 19 [(sAEm 3 ) À1 ]. Equation (3) has the same form as the equation for the rate of microexplosion for an emulsion droplet burning in air under normal gravity [26] and under microgravity [27].…”
“…The same phenomena have been observed for a smaller droplet of mm or sub-mm size (e.g., ( [26] in paper). Further work is needed to assure whether the similar results may be observed for a very fine droplet in the practical fuel spray.…”
Section: Commentssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…Reply. The present results, including the phase separation and the statistical characteristics of microexplosion hold for a suspended droplet burning in gaseous environments ( [25][26][27] in paper]. d Mani Pourouchottamane.…”
Section: Commentsmentioning
confidence: 69%
“…The coefficients A and K are 1.01 · 10 4 [K] and 6.0 · 10 19 [(sAEm 3 ) À1 ]. Equation (3) has the same form as the equation for the rate of microexplosion for an emulsion droplet burning in air under normal gravity [26] and under microgravity [27].…”
“…Therefore, understanding the microexplosion phenomena can help to increase the efficiency of alternative fuels, in particular with water in diesel emulsions. Usage of suspended droplets on thermocouple or quartz fiber has been studied previously to record the temperature history of the heated emulsion droplets,(i.e) emulsion of pyrolysis oil in diesel oil (Calabria et al, 2007) , n-dodecane and n-tetradecane in water emulsion (Tsue et al, 1996), kerosene and water emulsion (Watanabe et al, 2009), commercial diesel and water emulsion , and diesel-bio diesel-ethanol blends (Avulapati et al, 2016). One of the main demerits in these type of techniques is that the presence of thermocouple or the fiber wire results in the heterogeneous bubble nucleation on the surface of the wire (Watanabe et al, 2010).…”
The microexplosion evolution phenomenon of single droplets of water in pure diesel emulsion under Leidenfrost effect has been studied. The tested emulsions were stabilized with a blend of commercial surfactants with three different water contents of 9%, 12% and 15%. A high speed camera synchronized with backlight technique was used to capture the evolution of microexplosion and puffing. Three different droplet diameters of approximately 2.6mm, 2mm and 0.2mm were analysed. It was found that the tendency of microexplosion and puffing frequency was influenced by the droplet diameter. Coalescence was the dominating factor in inducing microexplosion in bigger droplets. It was observed that the child droplets ejected from the parent droplet undergoes further puffing processes.The size of the secondary droplets after microexplosion were also found to be slightly influenced by the parent droplet size.The waiting time for microexplosion and puffing were compared for different droplets size.
“…Abu Zaid (2004), Alahmer et al 2010, Selim et al 2001, Tanaka et al (2005 and 2007have used horizontal stainless steel and aluminum surfaces to study the evaporation of W/D emulsion by varying the surface temperature from 200 to 550 ∘ C at atmospheric pressure. While Tsue et al (1996) have been used the hot surface was isolated from the atmosphere with a high pressure cylindrical chamber, this surface was made of duralumin. So the application of both suspension single droplet and hot surface as a means to examine both the microexplosion phenomena for diesel emulsion is very important to predict the air/fuel mixing process.…”
The idea of using water-in-Diesel (W/D) emulsion in recent studies as fuel for diesel engines is to reduce the emissions. The introduction of water into a diesel engine using W/D emulsion has a number of potential benefits and can be used as an alternative fuel. One of important factors to use this fuel was the distribution of water droplets in emulsion and emulsifier stability. In the present work, the effect of emulsifier dosage (water in diesel ratio) and heating of W/D emulsion on the stability period with using optical technique was investigated. Five samples of W/D emulsion at different emulsifier dosages (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) water content were studied, whereas the heating of emulsions was carried out for 40 o C, 60 o C, and 80 o C. The results obtained from the current work manifested that an increase in water dosage to W/D emulsion had bad effects on the stability period, also, the increase in heating temperature for W/D emulsion revealed a negative effect on the emulsion stability.
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