Statistical Analysis of Machinery Variance by Python

Ostrowski, Joao Gabriel; Menyhárt, József

doi:10.12700/aph.17.5.2020.5.8

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The resulting Procrustes aligned landmark coordinate data of the extant data were exported and statistically processed using Python 3.6 (see Appendix S1). The libraries and packages used for data analysis were numpy, pandas, scipy, sklearn and stats models to generate basic statistics, the principal components analyses (Pedregosa et al 2011) and sum of variances, the last of which was calculated using the three principal components scores implying the full morphospace (Ostrowski & Menyhárt 2020;Schaeffer et al 2020). Furthermore, matplotlib, mpl_toolkits and seaborn provided data visualization.…”

Section: Geometric Morphometrics and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological diversity and disparity in trilobite cephala and the evolution of trilobite enrolment throughout the Palaeozoic

Suárez

Esteve

2021

LET

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Morphology permits the extracting of information to study patterns of disparity and diversity of a particular group of animals through time. Enrolment is a characteristic behaviour of trilobites, having been first recorded in the Cambrian and continued until their demise at the end of Permian mass extinction. Morphological trends related to enrolment strategies have been documented previously but are yet to have been analysed in a morphospace framework. Here we analyse the cephalic shape of a wide range of trilobite taxa using geometric morphometrics. These methodologies were implemented to explore whether the relationship between the shape of the head and the evolution of different enrolment styles correspond with an increase in morphospace or disparity during the Palaeozoic. Our results show distinct patterns of diversity and disparity in the functional morphology of trilobites during the Palaeozoic. Furthermore, these analyses show that enrolment types in trilobites without interlocking devices (e.g. cylindrical) permit more flexibility in the head shape, promoting higher rates of disparity, possibly leading to an enhanced ability to occupy a broad range of ecological niches. On the contrary, lower disparity cephalic shape constrains the way to enclose the body and consequently places limitations on the ability to adapt to new niches. Our results indicate that the higher rates of morpho-functional diversity and disparity coincide with the increase of morphospace in radiations in the early Palaeozoic (Cambrian and Ordovician) but also immediately after the Carboniferous-Permian biodiversification event. Low disparity rates constrain the success of trilobites with a specific enrolment type. Finally, the results show that sphaeroidal enrolment style was the most successful type that evolved independently in all trilobite orders. □ Arthropods, ecology, ecomorphology, evolution, functional morphology.

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Section: Geometric Morphometrics and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological diversity and disparity in trilobite cephala and the evolution of trilobite enrolment throughout the Palaeozoic

Suárez

Esteve

2021

LET

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“…The Anderson-Darling (AD) method is used for normality testing based on a hypothesis testing with the null hypothesis stating that the data are normal and the alternate hypothesis stating that the data are not normal. Normality also can be tested by quantile-quantile plot (QQ plot) [21].…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sawdust Ash Addition on Molding Sand Properties and Quality of Iron Castings

Khuengpukheiw,

Veerapadungphol,

Kunla

et al. 2022

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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Sand molding casting has been widely used for a long time. But, one of its main drawbacks is that surface quality of the castings is not good enough for some applications. The purposes of this research were to investigate the effect of addition of sawdust ash of rubber wood (SARW) on molding sand properties and the surface quality of iron castings and to find an appropriate level of SARW with the appropriate properties of the iron castings. The molding sand compositions for making a sand mold consisted of the recycled molding sand, bentonite, water and SARW. The percentage levels of SARW were 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%. The different proportions of molding sand samples were investigated for the molding sand properties including permeability, compression strength and hardness. The results showed that addition of SARW had an effect on the molding sand properties. The appropriate percentage proportion of molding sand was obtained at 95.8% recycled molding sand, 0.8% bentonite, 3% water and 0.4% SARW. There were statistically significant differences of mean surface roughness and hardness values of the iron castings made from molding sand samples without SARW addition and the appropriate percentage proportion of molding sand. In addition, the average surface roughness value of the iron castings made from the sand mold with the appropriate percentage proportion of molding sand was ~40% lower than those of the iron castings made from molding sand samples without SARW addition.

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