Statistical analysis of attack rate in norovirus foodborne outbreaks

Noda, Mamoru; Fukuda, Shinji; Nishio, Osamu

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.11.073

Cited by 62 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition to this high prevalence of GII.4 NoV in the human population, another important distinctive feature of GII.4 is their manner of transmission since they appear to be mainly transmitted via person-to-person contact in community outbreaks (47). Other strains, and importantly GI strains, are more often transmitted via food or environmental contamination (30,36). Fecal viral load (which is higher for GII strains than for GI strains) (10), shedding by asymptomatic subjects (2), and distinct behaviors during wastewater treatments (12) or food processing (8) may partially explain some of the observed differences between the GI and GII epidemiologies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution in Tissue and Seasonal Variation of Norovirus Genogroup I and II Ligands in Oysters

Maalouf

Zakhour

Pendu

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

126

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Bivalve molluscan shellfish, such as oysters, filter large volumes of water as part of their feeding activities and are able to accumulate and concentrate different types of pathogens, particularly noroviruses, from fecal human pollution. Based on our previous observation of a specific binding of the Norwalk strain (prototype norovirus genogroup I) to the oyster digestive tract through an A-like carbohydrate structure indistinguishable from human blood group A antigen and on the large diversity between strains in terms of carbohydrate-binding specificities, we evaluated the different ligands implicated in attachment to oysters tissues of strains representative of two main genogroups of human norovirus. The GI.1 and GII.4 strains differed in that the latter recognized a sialic acid-containing ligand, present in all tissues, in addition to the A-like ligand of the digestive tract shared with the GI.1 strain. Furthermore, bioaccumulation experiments using wild-type or mutant GI.1 Viruslike particles showed accumulation in hemocytes largely, but not exclusively, based on interaction with the A-like ligand. Moreover, a seasonal effect on the expression of these ligands was detected, most visibly for the GI.1 strain, with a peak in late winter and spring, a period when GI strains are regularly involved in oyster-related outbreaks. These observations may explain some of the distinct epidemiological features of strains from different genogroups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution in Tissue and Seasonal Variation of Norovirus Genogroup I and II Ligands in Oysters

Maalouf

Zakhour

Pendu

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

126

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“…Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the most frequent cause of food-borne disease outbreaks in the United States (3,50), and transmission of HuNoV infection via HuNoV-contaminated shellfish consumption is a worldwide problem (27,32,44,51). HuNoV-contaminated shellfish may result in severe economic losses to the shellfish industry due to product recalls, harvest area closures, and loss of consumer confidence (42,47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial for Human Norovirus Inactivation in Oysters by High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing

León

Kingsley

Montes

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

149

136

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Contamination of oysters with human noroviruses (HuNoV) constitutes a human health risk and may lead to severe economic losses in the shellfish industry. There is a need to identify a technology that can inactivate HuNoV in oysters. In this study, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded clinical trial to assess the effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) on Norwalk virus (HuNoV genogroup I.1) inactivation in virus-seeded oysters ingested by subjects. Forty-four healthy, positive-secretor adults were divided into three study phases. Subjects in each phase were randomized into control and intervention groups. Subjects received Norwalk virus (8FIIb, 1.0 ؋ 10 4 genomic equivalent copies) in artificially seeded oysters with or without HPP treatment (400 MPa at 25°C, 600 MPa at 6°C, or 400 MPa at 6°C for 5 min). HPP at 600 MPa, but not 400 MPa (at 6°or 25°C), completely inactivated HuNoV in seeded oysters and resulted in no HuNoV infection among these subjects, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR detection of HuNoV RNA in subjects' stool or vomitus samples. Interestingly, a white blood cell (granulocyte) shift was identified in 92% of the infected subjects and was significantly associated with infection (P ‫؍‬ 0.0014). In summary, these data suggest that HPP is effective at inactivating HuNoV in contaminated whole oysters and suggest a potential intervention to inactivate infectious HuNoV in oysters for the commercial shellfish industry.

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“…They are the causative agents of most nonbacterial infectious gastroenteritis worldwide (3)(4)(5). HuNoV infections spread rapidly, and outbreaks often take place in closed or semiclosed settings where communities gather (e.g., nursing homes, schools, hospitals, restaurants, and cruise ships) (6)(7)(8). Annually, HuNoVs cause an estimate of 21 million cases of acute gastroenteritis and 800 deaths in the United States alone (9, 10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine Norovirus Transcytosis across anIn VitroPolarized Murine Intestinal Epithelial Monolayer Is Mediated by M-Like Cells

Gonzalez-Hernandez

Liu

Blanco

et al. 2013

J Virol

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Statistical analysis of attack rate in norovirus foodborne outbreaks

Cited by 62 publications

References 28 publications

Distribution in Tissue and Seasonal Variation of Norovirus Genogroup I and II Ligands in Oysters

Distribution in Tissue and Seasonal Variation of Norovirus Genogroup I and II Ligands in Oysters

Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial for Human Norovirus Inactivation in Oysters by High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing

Murine Norovirus Transcytosis across anIn VitroPolarized Murine Intestinal Epithelial Monolayer Is Mediated by M-Like Cells

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