Stationary State of a High-Temperature Gas-Insulated Plasma Column

Fälthammar, Carl‐Gunne

doi:10.1063/1.1706459

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Figure 8(b) shows this case for = 0.1. The profiles resemble those of Falthammer [108] and Scudder [109] who earlier considered an exact energy balance for gas-embedded Z-pinches. Indeed it is interesting that Falthammer found similar scaling laws for radial heat loss as [97] found for axial heat loss, though Haines [10] later showed that the radial loss is only about 15% of the axial loss.…”

Section: Self-similar Solutions and Radial Heat Losssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…For Alfvén and Smårs [547] the magnetic pressure was important for confinement, and the surrounding gas was considered as high density gas-insulation. Fälthammar [108] investigated the steady-state cross-field thermal conduction losses of such a Z-pinch, as discussed in section 2.3. Smårs [548] reported experimental results in hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen.…”

Section: Gas-embedded Pinchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the denseZ-pinch

Haines

2011

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

388

184

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The Z-pinch, perhaps the oldest subject in plasma physics, has achieved a remarkable renaissance in recent years, following a few decades of neglect due to its basically unstable MHD character. Using wire arrays, a significant transition at high wire number led to a great improvement in both compression and uniformity of the Z-pinch. Resulting from this the Z-accelerator at Sandia at 20 MA in 100 ns has produced a powerful, short pulse, soft x-ray source >230 TW for 4.5 ns) at a high efficiency of ∼15%. This has applications to inertial confinement fusion. Several hohlraum designs have been tested. The vacuum hohlraum has demonstrated the control of symmetry of irradiation on a capsule, while the dynamic hohlraum at a higher radiation temperature of 230 eV has compressed a capsule from 2 mm to 0.8 mm diameter with a neutron yield >3 × 10 11 thermal DD neutrons, a record for any capsule implosion. World record ion temperatures of >200 keV have recently been measured in a stainless-steel plasma designed for Kα emission at stagnation, due, it was predicted, to ion-viscous heating associated with the dissipation of fast-growing short wavelength nonlinear MHD instabilities. Direct fusion experiments using deuterium gas-puffs have yielded 3.9×10 13 neutrons with only 5% asymmetry, suggesting for the first time a mainly thermal source. The physics of wire-array implosions is a dominant theme. It is concerned with the transformation of wires to liquid-vapour expanding cores; then the generation of a surrounding plasma corona which carries most of the current, with inward flowing low magnetic Reynolds number jets correlated with axial instabilities on each wire; later an almost constant velocity, snowplough-like implosion occurs during which gaps appear in the cores, leading to stagnation on the axis, and the production of the main soft-x-ray pulse. These studies have been pursued also with smaller facilities in other laboratories around the world. At Imperial College, conical and radial wire arrays have led to highly collimated tungsten plasma jets with a Mach number of >20, allowing laboratory astrophysics experiments to be undertaken. These highlights will be underpinned in this review with the basic physics of Z-pinches including stability, kinetic effects, and finally its applications.

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Section: Self-similar Solutions and Radial Heat Losssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Gas-embedded Pinchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the denseZ-pinch

Haines

2011

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

388

184

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“…The ratio (3) (B~) _= 10-~ T 2 Brain V ~ which for n < 1000ns and T > 10 s is always > 1 and consequently a plasma channel formed by a Z-pinch can be considered thermally insulated from a surrounding medium for a time much longer than rA [5]. In such a case the first term in eq.…”

Section: 'O '45mentioning

confidence: 98%

A micro Z-pinch as a spark of an axial detonation

Linhart¹

1994

Nuov Cim D

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Summary. --In order that a Z-pinch in a DT plasma could spark off an axial nuclear detonation wave severe conditions on space and time concentration of electromagnetic energy must be satisfied. Such energy compression could be achieved by a magnetic-field compressor (MFC) in which a fast liner compresses an azimuthal field (B~) of a micro Z-pinch. The driver of the MFC could be either a heavy-ion beam or an explosive magnetic-field generator (EMG) destroyed at each shot. In conclusion, some of the major problems associated with this approach to ICF are outlined.PACS 52.55.Ez-Pinch effect and pinch devices (e.g., Z-pinches and theta pinches). PACS 52.55.Pi -Confinement in fusion experiments (including a-particle effects, scaling laws, etc.).

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“…It may, however, also be applied to the case of other axisymmetric cylindrical equilibria. Though the Bennett equilibrium is an ideal case with no dissipation present, it has been shown [19] that, in the presence of ion heat conduction and bremsstrahlung losses, a self-pinched plasma attains a profile equal to that of a Bennett equilibrium on the inside but falls off faster on the outside. Thus, the situation studied in this paper may closely represent the case of a charged-particle beam propagating in a gas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vlasov stability of Bennett equilibrium

Sharma

1983

Nucl. Fusion

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A fully kinetic, non-local stability analysis of the Bennett equilibrium for a cylindrical plasma column is presented. The perturbations of the equilibrium distribution function constructed from the constants of motion may be divided into the adiabatic and non-adiabatic parts. The dominant trajectories of the particles are betatron orbits, and from an integration over these orbits the radial eigenmode equation is obtained. Expressing the electrostatic potential in terms of the vacuum eigenfunctions, i.e. the Bessel functions, yields a matrix dispersion relation. The wave-particle resonance in the analysis is spatially localized, owing to the betatron nature of the particle orbits. The eigenvalues of the problem are computed numerically.

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Stationary State of a High-Temperature Gas-Insulated Plasma Column

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

A review of the denseZ-pinch

A review of the denseZ-pinch

A micro Z-pinch as a spark of an axial detonation

Vlasov stability of Bennett equilibrium

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