Stationary phases for chromatography prepared by ring opening metathesis polymerization

Abstract

The chemistry of metathesis polymerization-derived stationary phases is summarized. Since both ring-opening metathesis and 1-alkyne polymerization triggered by well-defined transition metal alkylidenes are living polymerization methods, they allow for the controlled and highly reproducible synthesis of stationary phases in terms of both the nature and total content of the functional group(s) of interest. In addition, the high functionality tolerance of these polymerization techniques allows for creating chromatographic supports with an unprecedented diversity in terms of functional groups that may be introduced. Their applications in various areas of separation science such as SPE, ion-chromatography, RP chromatography, chiral chromatography, and the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of biomolecules are summarized. Within the context of the latter topic, special attention will be given to metathesis polymerization-derived monolithic supports. Consideration will also be given to those aspects of polymer chemistry that are relevant to the separation performance of these supports.

Macroporous Monolithic Polymers: Preparation and Applications

“…This “ in situ ” derivatization was achieved after the formation of the continuous rod by reacting the active, surface bound initiator with functional, norborn-2-ene and 7-oxanorborn-2-ene-based monomers. The ROMP-based route permited the preparation of a great variety of monolithic stationary phases for liquid chromatography since the functionality tolerance of these polymerization techniques allows for creating chromatography supports with an unprecedent diversity in terms of functional groups that may be introduced [101,102]. Buchmeiser et al described ring-opening metathesis polymerization- (ROMP-) based monoliths that were synthesized using Grubbs`first generation catalysts.…”

Preparation and evaluation of poly(alkyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic columns for separating polar small molecules by capillary liquid chromatography

“…A number of review articles have been published to discuss the chemistry of monolith polymerization [16,17] as well as the development and applications [18][19][20][21] of polymer-based monoliths. In previous studies, various polymer-based monolithic stationary phases were successfully utilized to separate large biomolecules such as proteins [4,6,21,22] and/or small molecules [5,8,23,24].…”

Preparation of poly(glycidylmethacrylate‐divinylbenzene) weak acid cation exchange stationary phases with succinic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, and maleic anhydride for ion chromatography

“…For cation exchangers, cation exchange sites mainly contain sulfonic, carboxylic, and phosphonic functional groups. The simultaneous analysis of alkali and alkaline earth metals can only be realized with carboxylic acid based cation exchangers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Therefore, preparing the carboxylic acid based cation exchangers is of great importance.…”