Statin reduces mortality and morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with hyperlipidemia: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Yu, Hsin-Hui; Chen, Pau‐Chung; Yang, Yao-Hsu; Wang, Li‐Chieh; Lee, Jyh‐Hong; Lin, Yu-Tsan; Chiang, Bor‐Luen

doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.030

Cited by 93 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, as a consequence of the inhibition of GTPases prenylation, statin-based therapy can be a potential alternative for the treatment of autoimmune diseases [44,47,48]. In fact, positive effects of statin treatment have been reported in numerous autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis [49,50], systemic lupus erythematosus [51][52][53], autoimmune myocarditis [54][55][56], or rheumatoid arthritis [44,[57][58][59].…”

Section: Immunomodulatory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Statins: A Sustainable Strategy for the Preparation of Valuable Drugs

2019

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Statins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, are the largest selling class of drugs prescribed for the pharmacological treatment of hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidaemia. Statins also possess other therapeutic effects, called pleiotropic, because the blockade of the conversion of HMG-CoA to (R)-mevalonate produces a concomitant inhibition of the biosynthesis of numerous isoprenoid metabolites (e.g., geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) or farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)). Thus, the prenylation of several cell signalling proteins (small GTPase family members: Ras, Rac, and Rho) is hampered, so that these molecular switches, controlling multiple pathways and cell functions (maintenance of cell shape, motility, factor secretion, differentiation, and proliferation) are regulated, leading to beneficial effects in cardiovascular health, regulation of the immune system, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, prevention and treatment of sepsis, treatment of autoimmune diseases, osteoporosis, kidney and neurological disorders, or even in cancer therapy. Thus, there is a growing interest in developing more sustainable protocols for preparation of statins, and the introduction of biocatalyzed steps into the synthetic pathways is highly advantageous-synthetic routes are conducted under mild reaction conditions, at ambient temperature, and can use water as a reaction medium in many cases. Furthermore, their high selectivity avoids the need for functional group activation and protection/deprotection steps usually required in traditional organic synthesis. Therefore, biocatalysis provides shorter processes, produces less waste, and reduces manufacturing costs and environmental impact. In this review, we will comment on the pleiotropic effects of statins and will illustrate some biotransformations nowadays implemented for statin synthesis.

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Section: Immunomodulatory Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Statins: A Sustainable Strategy for the Preparation of Valuable Drugs

2019

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“…Statins constitute the mainstay of treatment in dyslipidaemic patients at increased risk of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, statins might also exert non-metabolic, immunoregulatory effects such as enhanced T-regulatory function or reduced oxidative stress in monocytes besides protection from atherosclerosis [144][145][146][147].…”

Section: Current Status and Perspectives For Therapeutic Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Under crossfire: thromboembolic risk in systemic lupus erythematosus

et al. 2018

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Cerebral and cardiovascular ischaemic events are frequent complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and constitute primary causes of permanent damage. However, the pathogenic determinants of an increased thromboembolic risk in patients with SLE are only partially understood. Atherosclerosis constitutes a fertile soil for the development of thrombosis and shows disproportionately high prevalence and progression rates in patients with SLE. Antiphospholipid antibodies are independent risk factors for acute thrombosis, but can also prompt long-term vascular inflammation. Aberrant interactions among immune cells and dysfunctions in the deployment of the coagulation cascade have historically less been explored in SLE, but recent evidence suggests they can also play a critical role at the crossroads between inflammation and haemostasis. In this review, we discuss how different pro-thrombotic mechanisms can be prompted by and synergise with SLEspecific pathogenic events and speculate about novel potential directions for research and drug development.

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“…(63)* A recent study suggested that statin therapy in Taiwanese SLE patients with hyperlipidemia may reduce the risk of mortality, CVD and end-stage renal disease. (94)** As we learn more about the shared pathogenesis of these inflammatory conditions, perhaps specific statin and patient selection will yield greater improvement in CV risk for SLE patients.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Premature Atherosclerosis In Slementioning

confidence: 99%

Update on cardiovascular disease in lupus

Lewandowski

Kaplan

2016

Current Opinion in Rheumatology

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Purpose of Review Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease confers significant morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and cannot be fully explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Recent immunologic discoveries have outlined putative pathways in SLE that may also accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. Recent findings Aberrant innate and adaptive immune responses implicated in lupus pathogenesis may also contribute to the development of accelerated atherosclerosis in these patients. Defective apoptosis, abnormal lipoprotein function, autoantibodies, aberrant neutrophil responses and a dysregulated type I interferon pathway likely contribute to endothelial dysfunction. SLE macrophages have an inflammatory phenotype that may drive progression of plaque. Summary Recent discoveries have placed increase emphasis on the immunology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Understanding the factors that drive the increase risk for CVD in SLE patients may provide selective therapeutic targets for reducing inflammation and improving outcomes in atherosclerosis.

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Statin reduces mortality and morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with hyperlipidemia: A nationwide population-based cohort study

Cited by 93 publications

References 40 publications

Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Statins: A Sustainable Strategy for the Preparation of Valuable Drugs

Biocatalyzed Synthesis of Statins: A Sustainable Strategy for the Preparation of Valuable Drugs

Under crossfire: thromboembolic risk in systemic lupus erythematosus

Update on cardiovascular disease in lupus

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