Statin intake is associated with MMP‐1 level in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with periodontitis

Abstract

BACKGROUND This study was conducted to assess if statin intake is associated with clinical parameters of periodontitis and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of nondiabetic and diabetic patients. METHODS We first determined the effect of simvastatin on MMP expression in mononuclear cells. We then recruited 117 nondiabetic and diabetic patients, who all had periodontitis and took or did not take statin, and measured periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), and collected gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to quantify MMPs. RESULTS The in vitro studies showed that simvastatin potently inhibited the expression of MMP-1, -8, and -9 upregulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and high glucose in mononuclear cells. The patient study showed that, after adjusting for age and smoking status, PPD in diabetic patients on statin was significantly less than that in diabetic patients not on statin. MMP-1 level in GCF of nondiabetic and diabetic patients on statin was lower than that of nondiabetic and diabetic patients not on statin, respectively. No difference was found for MMP-8 and -9 levels in GCF. CONCLUSION Statin intake is associated with reduced PPD in diabetic patients and MMP-1 level in GCF in either nondiabetic or diabetic patients.

Guided tissue regeneration of intrabony defects with perforated barrier membranes, simvastatin, and EDTA root surface modification: A clinical and biochemical study

“…30,31 The use of EDTA gel at neutral pH (24%) as a root surface conditioner was carried out for smear layer removal, exposing dentine collagen fibers and increasing the diameter of the dentinal tubules 32,33 which could enhance migration and attachment of fibroblast 34,35 and could allow more SMV local adsorption to the root surface improving its availability. [36][37][38] Many studies reported that EDTA root surface etching could enhance drug availability over the root surfaces or in the GCF like chlorhexidine 39 and doxycycline. 40,41 Filter paper was used for GCF sampling as it is the easiest and a more precise method for GCF collection.…”

“…4 These could be attributed to the added values of SMV used in the present study for both groups with its known effect on fibroblastic proliferation. 30 SMV was found to inhibit tissue degrading enzymes like MMPs 38,39 and have anti-microbial properties. 40,41 Many studies reported positive results during the regeneration of periodontal bone defects after the application of SMV with methylcellulose gel.…”

Statins in nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of preclinical in vivo trials

“…In particular, statins are shown to be effective against A. actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis , 2 of the major species of bacteria implicated in periodontitis pathogenesis. Furthermore, statins are shown to inhibit tissue‐degrading enzymes (i.e., matrix metalloproteinases) and to exert a pro‐proliferative effect on mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial progenitor cells . Statins are also shown to enhance osteoblastic differentiation and viability, bone morphogenetic protein and vascular endothelial growth factor expression and to interfere with bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis …”

Simvastatin modulates gingival cytokine and MMP production in a rat model of ligature-induced periodontitis

“…The increased knowledge on the inflammatory pathways involved in periodontitis has prompted the investigation of the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs as strategies to reduce gingival inflammation 16. Recent studies have suggested that cholesterol-lowering drugs such as simvastatin are protective against experimental2,4,17 and human periodontitis 18,19. These evidences have suggested that simvastatin is able to reduce bone loss and modulate the expression/release of inflammatory markers in gingival crevicular fluid samples.…”