Static Seawater Challenge Test to Measure Relative Stress Levels in Spring Chinook Salmon Smolts

Preliminary examination of oxidative stress in juvenile spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of wild origin sampled from transport barges

“…Fish were captured by lift net (Matthews et al , 1986) and immediately transferred to a 200 mg l −1 solution of MS‐222, an anaesthetic concentration that is quickly lethal and that is known to prevent postcapture changes in plasma cortisol (Barton et al , 1985). Blood samples were taken from fish by puncturing the caudal vasculature with a 20 gauge needle and aspirating a sample (0·2–0·75 ml) into a heparinized syringe.…”

Identification of the Spawning, Rearing and Migratory Requirements of Fall Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin, Annual Report 1992.

“…Fish were anesthetized with a preanesthetic of benzocaine (ethyl P-aminobenzoate) and an anesthetic of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-2221 similar to that described by Matthews et al (1986). Juvenile fish were then sorted by species and marked with either CWT and cold brands or CWT alone.…”

Significance of Selective Predation and Development of Prey Protection Measures for Juvenile Salmonids in the Columbia and Snake River Reservoirs: Annual Progress Report, February 1993-February 1994.

“…Consumption rates of northern squavvfish are normally highest near hydroelectric facilities where juvenile salmonids are concentrated and are often injured or disoriented as a result of darn passage, making them more vulnerable to predation (Matthews et al 1986;Maule et al 1988;Mesa et al 1994;Vigg et al 1991). However, very little detailed information is available regarding northern squawfish movements, distribution and behavior near hydroelectric dams of the Columbia River.…”

“…Various studies in the lower Columbia and Snake rivers indicate that predators, especially northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis), congregate in tailmce areas below hydroelectric dams where juvenile salmonids are often injured, stressed or disoriented due to dam passage making them more vuhterable to predation (Matthews et al 1986;Maule et al 1988;Mesa 1994). Juvenile bypass systems (JBS) are intended to reduce turbine mortality of juvenile salmonids passing through hydroelectric dams, however recent studies at Bonneville Dam indicate that juvenile salmonids passing through the JBS have a lower survival rate compared to other passage routes, including turbine passage (Ledgerwood et al 1992;Dawley et al 1994).…”

“…In 1992 we initiated a radio telemetry study at The Dalles Dam, Columbia River to examine how the movement patterns and distribution of northern squawfish change with respect to (Matthews et al 1986;Maule et al 1988;Mesa 1994). Juvenile bypass systems (JBS) are intended to reduce turbine mortality of juvenile salmonids passing through hydroelectric dams, however recent studies at Bonneville Dam indicate that juvenile salmonids passing through the JBS have a lower survival rate compared to other passage routes, including turbine passage (Ledgenvood et al 1992;Dawley et al 1994).…”