“…Around 80% of corrugated cardboards are manufactured using a single-layer structure (Niskanen, 2011), bringing the study of the mechanical properties of single-layer corrugated cardboards in focus. Toward understanding the mechanical properties of single-layer corrugated cardboards, researchers have conducted both static and dynamic characteristic experiments and theoretical studies (Vacher et al, 2011;Peli nski et al 2022;Luong et al, 2021;Garbowski et al, 2021;Di Russo et al, 2023). On the other side, drop tests, as a commonly used method for testing the cushioning performance of corrugated cardboard, can simulate real transportation and storage conditions, thus providing results that are reliable in practical application environments (Wu et al, 2016;Shi et al, 2017;Fadiji et al, 2016a;Wang, 2009).…”