Static Laboratory Earthquake Measurements with the Digital Image Correlation Method

Rubino, V.; Lapusta, N.; Rosakis, Ares J.; Leprince, S.; Avouac, Jean Philippe

doi:10.1007/s11340-014-9893-z

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Most recently, laser velocimetry based on interferometric techniques has been used to obtain displacement time series at selected points on the surface of the specimen (e.g. Lykotrafitis et al, 2006;Rubino et al, 2015;Caniven et al, 2015). The instruments record a specific component of the velocity field at up to 10 m s −1 at a picosecond temporal resolution.…”

Section: Local Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example used elastic EDM to differentiate between elastic and plastic deformation inherent in their elastoplastic models. Rubino et al (2015) used EDM to invert strain for stress, applying a linear constitutive behaviour (Hild and Roux, 2006). Caniven et al (2015) used EDM to invert surface deformation for fault slip distribution and depth of locking.…”

Section: Image Correlation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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Abstract. Earth deformation is a multi-scale process ranging from seconds (seismic deformation) to millions of years (tectonic deformation). Bridging short-and long-term deformation and developing seismotectonic models has been a challenge in experimental tectonics for more than a century. Since the formulation of Reid's elastic rebound theory 100 years ago, laboratory mechanical models combining frictional and elastic elements have been used to study the dynamics of earthquakes. In the last decade, with the advent of high-resolution monitoring techniques and new rock analogue materials, laboratory earthquake experiments have evolved from simple spring-slider models to scaled analogue models. This evolution was accomplished by advances in seismology and geodesy along with relatively frequent occurrences of large earthquakes in the past decade. This coincidence has significantly increased the quality and quantity of relevant observations in nature and triggered a new understanding of earthquake dynamics. We review here the developments in analogue earthquake modelling with a focus on those seismotectonic scale models that are directly comparable to observational data on short to long timescales. We lay out the basics of analogue modelling, namely scaling, materials and monitoring, as applied in seismotectonic modelling. An overview of applications highlights the contributions of analogue earthquake models in bridging timescales of observations including earthquake statistics, rupture dynamics, ground motion, and seismic-cycle deformation up to seismotectonic evolution.

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Section: Local Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Correlation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

2017

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“…A large body of works exists on granular shear experiments using glass beads and other synthetic fault gouges in shear, rotation, and axial compression apparatuses, some with a focus on stick-slip (e.g. Anthony and Marone, 2005;Mair et al, 2002;Alshibli et al, 200;Schulze, 2003;Scuderi et al, 2015;Rubinstein et al, 2012;Nasuno et al, 1998;Fig. 2e).…”

Section: Spring-slider Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Local Monitoring Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Image Correlation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reply to Review by Anonymous

Rosenau¹

2017

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Earth deformation is a multi-scale process ranging from seconds (seismic deformation) to millions of years (tectonic deformation). Bridging short-and long-term deformation and developing seismotectonic models has been a challenge in experimental tectonics for more than a century. Since the formulation of Reid's elastic rebound theory 100 years ago, laboratory mechanical models combining frictional and elastic elements have been used to study the dynamics of earthquakes. In the last decade, with the advent of high-resolution monitoring techniques and new rock analogue materials, laboratory earthquake experiments have evolved from simple spring-slider models to scaled analogue models. This evolution was accomplished by advances in seismology and geodesy along with relatively frequent occurrences of large earthquakes in the past decade. This coincidence has significantly increased the quality and quantity of relevant observations in nature and triggered a new understanding of earthquake dynamics. We review here the developments in analogue earthquake modelling with a focus on those seismotectonic scale models that are directly comparable to observational data on short to long timescales. We lay out the basics of analogue modelling, namely scaling, materials and monitoring, as applied in seismotectonic modelling. An overview of applications highlights the contributions of analogue earthquake models in bridging timescales of observations including earthquake statistics, rupture dynamics, ground motion, and seismic-cycle deformation up to seismotectonic evolution.

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Laboratory Earthquakes Simulations - Typical Events, Fault Damage, and Gouge Production

Mollon

Aubry

Schubnel

2022

Preprint

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We propose a numerical model of laboratory earthquake cycle inspired by a set of experiments performed on a triaxial apparatus on sawcut Carrara marble samples. The model couples two representations of rock matter: rock is essentially represented as an elastic continuum, except in the vicinity of the sliding interface, where a discrete representation is employed. This allows to simulate in a single framework the storage and release of strain energy in the bulk of the sample and in the loading system, the damage of rock due to sliding, and the progressive production of a granular gouge layer in the interface. After independent calibration, we find that the tribosystem spontaneously evolves towards a stick-slip sliding regime, mimicking in a satisfactory way the behaviour observed in the lab. The model offers insights on complex phenomena which are out of reach in experiments. This includes the variability in space and time of the fields of stress and effective friction along the fault, the progressive thickening of the damaged region of rock around the interface, and the build-up of a granular layer of gouge accommodating shear. We present in detail several typical sliding events, we illustrate the fault heterogeneity, and we analyse quantitatively the damage rate in the numerical samples. Some limitations of the model are pointed out, as well as ideas of future improvements, and several research directions are proposed in order to further explore the large numerical dataset produced by these simulations.

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Static Laboratory Earthquake Measurements with the Digital Image Correlation Method

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Analogue earthquakes and seismic cycles: experimental modelling across timescales

Reply to Review by Anonymous

Laboratory Earthquakes Simulations - Typical Events, Fault Damage, and Gouge Production

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