Static in vitro digestion model adapted to the general older adult population: an INFOGEST international consensus

Abstract

Understanding the mechanisms of food digestion is of paramount importance to determine the effect foods have on human health. Significant knowledge on the fate of food during digestion has been...

In vitro digestion of two protein-rich dairy products in the ageing gastrointestinal tract

“…63 The young adult model was the same as in this study, 40 and the modifications made to stimulate the conditions in the ageing gut were relatively similar to the recommendations made by the INFOGEST consortium. 38 Among other things, they modified the pH (gastric pH = 4.5 and intestinal pH = 6.6), reduced enzyme activities (−25% of pepsin activity and −54% of pancreatin activity) and the bile salt concentration, and increased the phase duration of both digestion models to 3 h. They observed a significant decrease in whey protein digestibility with the older adults’ conditions, which was also more important at the end of the gastric phase (−62%), than at the end of the intestinal phase (−18%). Finally, Hernández-Olivas et al (2020) compared the digestibility of set yogurts (3.2% proteins, 2.9% fat) between young and older adults using three different models of digestion.…”

“…Dairy products’ breakdown in the gastrointestinal tract was studied with two static in vitro digestion models: digestion by adults <65 years old (called “young adults”) was simulated according to Brodkorb et al (2009), 40 and digestion by adults ≥65 years old (referred to as “older adults”) was carried out according to Menard et al (2023). 38 These models differed in gastric pH, duration of the gastric phase, activities of the digestive enzymes in the gastric and intestinal phase, and bile salt concentration. Neither of the two protocols include enzymes from the intestinal mucosa.…”

“…35–37 Recently, a static in vitro digestion model adapted to older adults has been proposed by the INFOGEST international consortium. 38 This digestion model should help in screening the ability of specific foods to efficiently deliver nutrients to the ageing organism before proceeding with clinical studies.…”

From static to semi-dynamic in vitro digestion conditions relevant for the older population: starch and protein digestion of cooked lentils

“…Similarly, no difference in salivary amylase activity per mL SSF compared to healthy adult model was proposed in the recently published standardized INFOGEST protocol for older adults. 16…”

“…12 Therefore, in vitro digestion models simulating gastrointestinal conditions of the older population are increasingly being developed and applied. 5,13–17…”