“…Sharma et al solved MAED and reserve constrained MAED (RCMAED) problems using various DE methods enhanced with time-varying mutation [50] and the improved PSO method with a parameter automation strategy having time varying acceleration coefficients (PSO_TVAC) [51]. Many other heuristic search techniques have been proposed for solving economic dispatch problem, such as a pattern search (PS) algorithm [52], an improved multi-objective PSO (MOPSO) for solving multi-area environmental/economic dispatch (MAEED) problem [53], the direct search method (DSM) [54], a new recurrent DE (RDE) method [55], PSO algorithm [56], a penalty function-hybrid direct search method (PF-HDSM) for solving multi-area wind-thermal coordination dispatch (MWCD) problem [57], enhanced direct search method (EDSM) [58], a novel approach based on harmony search (HS) algorithm [59], the optimality condition decomposition (OCD) for solving multi-area dynamic economic dispatch (MA-DED) problem [60], and different novel search approaches for solving multi-area generation scheduling such as neural networks approach [61], traditional economic dispatch method [62], modification of MAED [63], a new DE algorithm [64], an embedded multi-area optimal power flow (MA-OPF) [65], a new proposed technique [66], a decomposition methodology [67,68], a practical approach [69], a generalized unified power flow controller [70], and evolutionary programming [71].…”