Static domain structure of ferroelectric flux-grown KTiOPO₄crystals

Imaging of inversion twin boundaries in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) by liquid–crystal surface decoration and X–ray diffraction topography

“…1980). The same group showed that the NLC method is also capable of revealing 180 • domains in non-polar cuts (parallel to the spontaneous polarization) of KTP (Ivanov et al . 1993(Ivanov et al .…”

Static and dynamic electro-optical properties of liquid crystals mediated by ferroelectric polymer films

“…6,7 The visualization of ferroelectric domains by means of liquid crystals was also achieved in a variety of inorganic crystals. 8,9,[12][13][14] In addition to the visualization of the domain structure, the "decoration" of a ferroelectric surface by liquid crystals can also reveal the switching processes (switching dynamics) in ferroelectric crystals. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Another interesting application of nematic liquid crystals includes the visualization of stress elds in ferroelectrics.…”

“…8,9,[12][13][14] In addition to the visualization of the domain structure, the "decoration" of a ferroelectric surface by liquid crystals can also reveal the switching processes (switching dynamics) in ferroelectric crystals. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Another interesting application of nematic liquid crystals includes the visualization of stress elds in ferroelectrics. 19 While in the majority of publications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] both statics and dynamics of ferroelectric domains are explored using nematic liquid crystals, Ivanov et al 18 demonstrated a high promise of ferroelectric liquid crystals for this kind of application.…”

High-contrast imaging of 180° ferroelectric domains by optical microscopy using ferroelectric liquid crystals

“…4 These charges, and/or the free charges screening them, modify the surface potential of bulk domains [5][6][7] and change interface reactivity. [8][9][10] Among other applications, 4 the interfacial charges open a pathway to ferroelectric domain imaging [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and chemical control of electric polarization. [18][19][20][21] The ability to image ferroelectric domains, in such a way that opposite directions of electric polarization can be distinguished, with a damage-free, fast and easy-to-handle method, is critical for applications relying on domain engineering, such as photonic devices, [22][23][24][25][26] where the quality of patterned 180° ferroelectric domains has to be assessed.…”

“…It has been reported that nematic LCs can be used to distinguish between 180° domains in several ferroelectrics, using polarized light microscopy. [14][15][16][33][34][35][36][37][38] Moreover, measurements as a function of electric field or temperature have been successful in imaging domain dynamics. Most studies have been performed close to room temperature using nematic LC N-(4-Methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (MBBA), or a mixture of MBBA and N-(4-Ethoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (EBBA), but also at other temperatures with alkylphenylcyclohexylbenzoate and mixtures of cyanobiphenyls.…”