Static dielectric constant assessment from capacitance over a wide range of electrode separations

R, Gokul Raj; Krishnamurthy, C. V.

doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2017.03.001

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…and γ is an adjustable parameter depending slightly on h pad , γ = 0.097 for h pad = 50 nm. For d/R ranging from 2 to 10, h(d,R) increases almost linearly as a function of d/R with a slope weakly dependent on ε r in agreement with [34]. In case of d/R >> 1, this leads to a first order approximation…”

Section: Theorysupporting

confidence: 77%

Traceable Nanoscale Measurements of High Dielectric Constant by Scanning Microwave Microscopy

et al. 2021

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The importance of high dielectric constant materials in the development of high frequency nano-electronic devices is undeniable. Their polarization properties are directly dependent on the value of their relative permittivity. We report here on the nanoscale metrological quantification of the dielectric constants of two high-κ materials, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT), in the GHz range using scanning microwave microscopy (SMM). We demonstrate the importance of the capacitance calibration procedure and dimensional measurements on the weight of the combined relative uncertainties. A novel approach is proposed to correct lateral dimension measurements of micro-capacitive structures using the microwave electrical signatures, especially for rough surfaces of high-κ materials. A new analytical expression is also given for the capacitance calculations, taking into account the contribution of fringing electric fields. We determine the dielectric constant values εPZT = 445 and εPMN-PT = 641 at the frequency around 3.6 GHz, with combined relative uncertainties of 3.5% and 6.9% for PZT and PMN-PT, respectively. This work provides a general description of the metrological path for a quantified measurement of high dielectric constants with well-controlled low uncertainty levels.

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Section: Theorysupporting

confidence: 77%

Traceable Nanoscale Measurements of High Dielectric Constant by Scanning Microwave Microscopy

et al. 2021

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“…Besides, it can also be acquired by using the value of e 0 together with experimentally measured values of C, A and d in equation (2). In PPC experiments, there are number of well understood and widely accepted issues: for example, the edge or fringing effect [2][3][4], tilt effect [5], body capacitance effect [5], dielectric thickness (D) effect [6][7][8], effect of geometry [9,10] and the effect of a trapped air layer [6,7], to name a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An improved parallel-plate capacitor apparatus for the estimation of dielectric constants of solid materials

Riaz

Kanwal

2019

Eur. J. Phys.

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In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a modified parallel-plate capacitor (PPC) and its mathematical derivation, which may well be incorporated as a challenging problem in physics textbooks covering topics on capacitance and dielectrics. The dielectric material under test (MUT) fills the empty space between the plates of the PPC, and a very thin layer of air is trapped between the uneven surfaces of the metallic capacitor plates and the MUT. It has been reported in the literature (Grove T T et al 2005 Am. J. Phys. 73 52–56; Grove T T and Masters M F 2009 The Physics Teacher 47 312) that these air pockets lead to an error in the measured value of the dielectric constant of the MUT. The present work gives a prescription to estimate this value in a smart way so as to bypass the effect of a trapped thin air layer, and it leads to measured values of the dielectric constant similar to what has been reported in the literature (PLEXIGLAS®, Altuglas International and Arkema Inc., 2006 www.altuglasint.com). To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to present the design and implementation of a PPC cell of this kind to study dielectric constants. The topic can reasonably be taught in undergraduate laboratory physics coursework.

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Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

Sahoo

Kale

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Solar PV and wind energy conversion systems convert input energy directly to electricity, are techno-economically viable, and have already achieved grid parity. [3,4] Though renewables fulfill most modern energysource criteria, they still possess low energy density, are challenging to transport, less efficient, costly, and are intrinsically intermittent, thus requiring a storage media.Hydrogen, a less popular renewable, can be used as a fuel as apart from being abundant gas, possesses high energy density, [5] exhibits better combustion characteristics, [5] owes a nonpolluting nature, [6] and has several other favorable properties, listed in Table 1. Hydrogen is a promising alternative energy source [6,7] that overcomes most of the challenges faced by classical renewables.Figure 2 describes hydrogen energy transformation from primary energy sources to the end-users in an integrated way. The hydrogen production, storage, transportation and delivery, application, awareness and capacity building, safety codes and standards are all interrelated to form the hydrogen energy system. The two prime methods of producing hydrogen are i) from the conventional process, and ii) using renewable energy sources (such as biomass, solar, wind, and hydro). Hydrogen possesses significantly higher gravimetric energy density than other storage techniques (such as batteries, pumped hydropower, supercapacitors, Flywheels, pressurized air). The use of abundant renewable energy when available, hydrogen production, and storage is an optimal choice. Hydrogen can be stored as pressurized gas or as a cryogenic liquid or solid fuel. [27] Storage of hydrogen as a gas typically requires high-pressure tanks (350-700 bar tank pressure). Due to the low boiling point (−252.8 °C at atmospheric pressure), liquid hydrogen storage requires cryogenic temperature.The conventional conversion of fossil fuel feedstock to hydrogen includes steam-methane reforming, thermal cracking of natural gas, thermal decomposition (partial oxidation) of heavy oil, catalytic decomposition of natural gas, coal gasification, and steam-iron coal gasification. [20][21][22][23][24][25] When released into the atmosphere, the conventional methods generate CO 2 as a by-product, assisting global warming. The generation of renewable hydrogen makes it more economical and environmentally benign. Electrolysis uses electrical power supplied from renewables to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Biomass routes Hydrogen, a nonpolluting gas, is emerging as an ideal, suitable, and economical energy carrier. The current global non-carbon hydrogen production is 105.8 MW in 2020 and is expected to reach 218 MW in 2021. Hydrogen possesses low ignition energy of 0.017 mJ and reacts exothermically with air, posing severe safety challenges. Humanly undetectable gas needs accurate and sensitive sensors to prevent accidents. Amongst different hydrogen sensors currently developed, work function-based sensors are sensitive, selective, costeffective, smaller in size, less susceptible to environmental change, an...

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Static dielectric constant assessment from capacitance over a wide range of electrode separations

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Traceable Nanoscale Measurements of High Dielectric Constant by Scanning Microwave Microscopy

Traceable Nanoscale Measurements of High Dielectric Constant by Scanning Microwave Microscopy

An improved parallel-plate capacitor apparatus for the estimation of dielectric constants of solid materials

Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

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