“…In the process of underground excavation, the combined support system consists of steel arch and shotcrete is the primary support structure to close the fracture of rock mass, to maintain its stability, and to mobilize its self-bearing strength (Figure 1) (Bjureland et al, 2019; Carranza-Torres and Diederichs, 2009; Oreste et al, 2018; Song et al, 2019; Vojtasik et al, 2017). However, the steel-concrete bond-slip behavior is generally considered to be one of the decisive factors affecting the failure mechanism of composite structures (Kabir et al, 2019).…”