Static and fatigue behavior in presence of notches for polyamide 12 (PA12) additively manufactured via Multi Jet Fusion™ process

Avanzini, Andrea; Battini, Davide; Pandini, Stefano

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.106912

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Otherwise, the numerical model might overestimate the stiffness of the printed material. Nevertheless, in the case of polymer materials, it is not always easy to define the separation point between the elastic and plastic fields, as their stress-strain curves can exhibit a smooth transition from the initial elastic response to irreversible plastic deformation [ 7 , 11 ]. This behaviour can be observed in the stress-strain curves of the MJF-printed PA12 shown in Figure 11 and Figure 23 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyamide 12 (PA12) is the predominant printing material in MJF processes [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ] because its melting temperature is significantly higher than its crystallisation temperature [ 13 ]. In addition to PA12, MJF technology can also utilise other printing materials such as polyamide 11 (PA11), polyamide 12 with glass beads (PA12 GB), and thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPA) [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applicability of a Material Constitutive Model Based on a Transversely Isotropic Behaviour for the Prediction of the Mechanical Performance of Multi Jet Fusion Printed Polyamide 12 Parts

Perez-Barcenilla,

Cearsolo,

Aramburu

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Multi Jet Fusion (MJF), an innovative additive manufacturing (AM) technique in the field of Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) developed by Hewlett-Packard (HP) Inc. (Palo Alto, CA, USA), has been designed to produce polymer parts using thermoplastic-based powders, primarily focusing on polyamide 12 (PA12). Employing a layer-by-layer approach, MJF enables the rapid production of intricate components, reportedly up to 10 times faster than other AM processes. While the mechanical properties of MJF-printed PA12 and the impact of build orientation on those properties have already been explored in various studies, less attention has been given to the mechanical performance of MJF-printed PA12 components under complex loads and accurate predictive models. This contribution aims to assess the applicability of a constitutive model based on a transversely isotropic behaviour under linear elastic deformation for predicting the mechanical response of MJF-printed PA12 parts through numerical simulations. Both uniaxial tensile and shear tests were carried out on printed samples to determine the elastic properties of MJF-printed PA12, with additional testing on printed complex handle-shaped parts. Finally, a numerical model was developed to simulate the mechanical tests of the handles. Results from tests on printed samples showed that MJF-printed PA12, to some extent, behaves as a transversely isotropic material. Furthermore, using a constitutive model that assumes a transversely isotropic behaviour under linear elastic deformation for predicting the mechanical response of MJF-printed PA12 parts in numerical simulations could be a reasonable approach, provided that the material stress levels remain within the linear range. However, the particularities of the stress-strain curve of MJF-printed PA12 complicate determining the elasticity-to-plasticity transition point.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of a Material Constitutive Model Based on a Transversely Isotropic Behaviour for the Prediction of the Mechanical Performance of Multi Jet Fusion Printed Polyamide 12 Parts

Perez-Barcenilla,

Cearsolo,

Aramburu

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…After the completion of the process, the part is moved away from the unmelted powder and cooled down in the post-processing station. 2,3 MJF is appropriate for manufacturing high amounts of end-use polymer components, allows geometries to have a high degree of freedom and overhang without the requirement of supports, and the mechanical characteristics of manufacturable materials, like PA12, are suitable for those reported for other manufacturing technologies. 4 The powder's recyclability is a significant superiority of this AM method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of build orientation on the green tribological properties of multi-jet fusion manufactured PA12 parts

Gavcar,

Sumer,

Sagbas

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a newly developed technology for manufacturing parts from three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) models by depositing a material layer on layer. Multi-jet fusion (MJF) is one of the AM technologies that can be used for manufacturing functional parts like gear, linear, bearing, etc., by polymers. In various applications, technical processes, design of tribological systems, optimum lubrication, and reduction of wear and friction are significant performance criteria to provide energy and material conservation. The development of green tribological applications offers essential solutions to problems of ecosystem pollution and energy from a global point of view to increase sustainability. In this article, the green tribological behavior of Polyamide 12 (PA12) parts, manufactured by MJF with different build orientations was evaluated by ball-on-disc tribological tests under different normal loads and lubricated environments. Mechanical profilometer and digital microscope were used to evaluate surface quality and morphology. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to determine the samples’ wear characteristics. The maximum surface roughness was measured for the part having a build orientation of 45°. The maximum coefficient of friction value was determined as 0.355 for the sample with 45° orientation under 5 N load and dry environment. The maximum wear rate value was determined as 2.3249 × 10−4 mm3/Nmm for the sample with 0° orientation under 10 N load and dry state. The differences between build orientations should be considered when evaluating tribological properties. This article provides a new perspective to researchers and practitioners toward green tribology of polymer AM parts.

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“…Based on their characteristics, these technologies are generally classified into seven categories, all of which are discussed in more detail in the following section: binder jetting (BJ) (Do et al , 2017; Gonzalez et al , 2016); direct energy deposition (DED) (Stender et al , 2018; Javidani et al , 2017); material extrusion (ME) (Dhinakaran et al , 2020; Weng et al , 2016); material jetting (MJ)(Yap et al , 2017; Vdovin et al , 2017); powder bed fusion (PBF) (Khairallah et al , 2016; Allison et al , 2019); sheet lamination (SL) (Norfolk and Johnson, 2015; Qi Zhang, 2018; Bhatt et al , 2019); and vat polymerization (VP) (Bártolo and Gibson, 2011; Yang et al , 2019). Although some AM methods are mature, the AM industry is still thriving; many 3D printing processes are currently available, and more are emerging and developing, such as metal fused deposition modeling (metal FDM), ARBURG plastic freeforming and multi jet fusion (Ramazani and Kami, 2022; Mele et al , 2022; Avanzini et al , 2022). When selecting a 3D printing method for a specific application, decision-makers need to consider many aspects, such as mechanical, chemical and physical properties, 3D printers’ build volume, postprocessing, resolution, environmental impact, production time and cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available on Emerald Insight at: https://www.emerald.com/insight/1355-2546.htm Gibson, 2011;Yang et al, 2019). Although some AM methods are mature, the AM industry is still thriving; many 3D printing processes are currently available, and more are emerging and developing, such as metal fused deposition modeling (metal FDM), ARBURG plastic freeforming and multi jet fusion (Ramazani and Kami, 2022;Mele et al, 2022;Avanzini et al, 2022). When selecting a 3D printing method for a specific application, decision-makers need to consider many aspects, such as mechanical, chemical and physical properties, 3D printers' build volume, postprocessing, resolution, environmental impact, production time and cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multicriteria decision-making method for additive manufacturing process selection

Ren

Choi²,

Schneider³

2022

RPJ

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Purpose Because of the significant differences in the features and requirements of specific products and the capabilities of various additive manufacturing (AM) solutions, selecting the most appropriate AM technology can be challenging. This study aims to propose a method to solve the complex process selection in 3D printing applications, especially by creating a new multicriteria decision-making tool that takes the direct certainty of each comparison to reflect the decision-maker’s desire effectively. Design/methodology/approach The methodology proposed includes five steps: defining the AM technology selection decision criteria and constraints, extracting available AM parameters from the database, evaluating the selected AM technology parameters based on the proposed decision-making methodology, improving the accuracy of the decision by adopting newly proposed weighting scheme and selecting optimal AM technologies by integrating information gathered from the whole decision-making process. Findings To demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed methodology, this case study describes a detailed industrial application in rapid investment casting that applies the weightings to a tailored AM technologies and materials database to determine the most suitable AM process. The results showed that the proposed methodology could solve complicated AM process selection problems at both the design and manufacturing stages. Originality/value This research proposes a unique multicriteria decision-making solution, which employs an exclusive weightings calculation algorithm that converts the decision-maker's subjective priority of the involved criteria into comparable values. The proposed framework can reduce decision-maker's comparison duty and potentially reduce errors in the pairwise comparisons used in other decision-making methodologies.

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Static and fatigue behavior in presence of notches for polyamide 12 (PA12) additively manufactured via Multi Jet Fusion™ process

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Applicability of a Material Constitutive Model Based on a Transversely Isotropic Behaviour for the Prediction of the Mechanical Performance of Multi Jet Fusion Printed Polyamide 12 Parts

Applicability of a Material Constitutive Model Based on a Transversely Isotropic Behaviour for the Prediction of the Mechanical Performance of Multi Jet Fusion Printed Polyamide 12 Parts

Effect of build orientation on the green tribological properties of multi-jet fusion manufactured PA12 parts

A multicriteria decision-making method for additive manufacturing process selection

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