Static and dynamic flow analysis of PBDEs in plastics from used and end-of-life TVs and computer monitors by life cycle in Korea

Lee, Seunghun; Jang, Yong-Chul; Kim, Jong-Guk; Park, Jong-Eun; Kang, Young-Yeul; Kim, Woo-Il; Shin, Sun-Kyoung

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.116

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…During these processes, LCMs can be directly emitted to various environmental compartments, but their emission factors remain unknown for now. To estimate the global release of LCMs to the environment, we assumed that the emission factors of LCMs are similar to those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated biphenyls, which have been generally reported to be 5.0 × 10 –6 to 5.0 × 10 –4 in the recycling and disposal of e-waste. − Under this assumption, the direct release of LCMs from the global waste television/computer LCD panels into the environment was estimated to be 1.07–107 kg/year. It should be noted that this is just a preliminary estimate of the global release of LCMs into the environment because information regarding the accurate discarded amount of the global waste LCD panels and the exact emission factors of LCMs during the dismantling, crushing, recycling, and disposal of these waste LCD panels is not available at present.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Identification of Liquid Crystal Monomers—Biphenyls, Cyanobiphenyls, Fluorinated Biphenyls, and their Analogues—in Waste LCD Panels and the First Estimate of their Global Release into the Environment

Liang

Xie

Zhu

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Our previous study demonstrated massive emissions of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) from liquid crystal display (LCD)-associated ewaste dismantling; however, the compositions, priority list, and inventory of LCMs in waste LCD panels remain unknown. Herein, we conducted the first comprehensive identification covering a broader range of LCMs, including 21 biphenyls and analogues (BAs), 28 cyanobiphenyls and analogues (CBAs), and 44 fluorinated biphenyls and analogues (FBAs), in waste television/ computer LCD panels. A total of 64 of the 93 target LCMs, including 19 BAs, 6 CBAs, and 39 FBAs, were widely detected in collected waste LCD panels. Approximately 10−18 of the 64 detectable LCMs were identified as the main compositions in various waste LCD panels, which contributed to >90% of the total LCMs. Total concentrations of FBAs in the television/computer LCD panel samples were comparable to those of BAs but much higher than those of CBAs, indicating FBAs and BAs being the commonly used LCM categories. The composition distribution of LCMs varied between television/computer LCDs and among different brands of television/computer LCDs. A preliminary estimate of the globally direct release of LCMs from waste television/computer LCD panels into various environmental compartments was about 1.07−107 kg/year, which will increase considerably in the near future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Identification of Liquid Crystal Monomers—Biphenyls, Cyanobiphenyls, Fluorinated Biphenyls, and their Analogues—in Waste LCD Panels and the First Estimate of their Global Release into the Environment

Liang

Xie

Zhu

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…A nonignorable fact is that heavy metals and POPs dramatically linked with waste PCBs recycling in an informal approach . Numerous studies have revealed that abundant toxicants, including, but not limited to, heavy metals, polychlororinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo- p -dioxin and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), could be leached into the ambient environment during e-waste processing with informal incineration, posing serious risks to environmental and human health. − Therefore, POPs released from informal e-waste recycling should be controlled through alterative technology and approach. , …”

Section: Alternative Technologies and Paradigms For Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Control-Alt-Delete”: Rebooting Solutions for the E-Waste Problem

Zeng

Chen

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

208

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A number of efforts have been launched to solve the global electronic waste (e-waste) problem. The efficiency of e-waste recycling is subject to variable national legislation, technical capacity, consumer participation, and even detoxification. E-waste management activities result in procedural irregularities and risk disparities across national boundaries. We review these variables to reveal opportunities for research and policy to reduce the risks from accumulating e-waste and ineffective recycling. Full regulation and consumer participation should be controlled and reinforced to improve local e-waste system. Aiming at standardizing best practice, we alter and identify modular recycling process and infrastructure in eco-industrial parks that will be expectantly effective in countries and regions to handle the similar e-waste stream. Toxicity can be deleted through material substitution and detoxification during the life cycle of electronics. Based on the idea of “Control-Alt-Delete”, four patterns of the way forward for global e-waste recycling are proposed to meet a variety of local situations.

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“…While PBDE use has been phased out in Europe [ 14 ] and in the United States [ 15 ], exposure to these chemicals continues [ 1 ], although some studies indicate that PBDE tissue levels are decreasing [ 16 , 17 ]. It is expected that PBDEs will continue to be released into the environment from disposal of TVs and computer parts [ 18 ]. Recent studies suggest that marine bacteria can synthesis PBDEs using flavin-dependent brominases [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice

et al. 2018

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Static and dynamic flow analysis of PBDEs in plastics from used and end-of-life TVs and computer monitors by life cycle in Korea

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Comprehensive Identification of Liquid Crystal Monomers—Biphenyls, Cyanobiphenyls, Fluorinated Biphenyls, and their Analogues—in Waste LCD Panels and the First Estimate of their Global Release into the Environment

Comprehensive Identification of Liquid Crystal Monomers—Biphenyls, Cyanobiphenyls, Fluorinated Biphenyls, and their Analogues—in Waste LCD Panels and the First Estimate of their Global Release into the Environment

“Control-Alt-Delete”: Rebooting Solutions for the E-Waste Problem

Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice

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