Static and dynamic eye movement metrics for students’ performance assessment

Abstract

This paper reports on the feasibility of using eye tracking as a tool for students' performance assessment in a medical serious game. We are particularly interested in analyzing the relationship between learners' visual behaviour and their performance while solving medical cases. The objective of this study is twofold. First, we analyze how the students visually explore the learning environment across different areas of interest. Second, we examine whether static and dynamic eye tracking metrics can have an impact on students' reasoning performance. Results revealed statistically significant associations between eye movement metrics and students' outcomes. Particularly dynamic metrics better reflected students' analytical reasoning abilities. Our findings have implications for the educational technology community seeking to gain a deeper understanding of the students' learning experience.

Tracking Students’ Mental Engagement Using EEG Signals during an Interaction with a Virtual Learning Environment

“…These results demonstrated that there were no particular AOIs that aroused the most the students' attention. These findings are contradictory with our previous work [2] where the statistical analyses showed the opposite effect in terms of fixation duration. In fact, one-way ANOVAs showed that the S region was the most fixated one over all the medical cases.…”

“…These results confirm our hypothesis in [2] regarding fixation duration. Indeed it was found that longer fixation duration on specific information areas has Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications no effect on learners' performance.…”

“…Endowing computer-based environments with the faculty of monitoring users' experience is an important step toward improving human-computer interactions and understanding users' needs [1] [2] [3]. More precisely, the use of neurophysiological sensors such as heart rate, galvanic skin response, body temperature and electroencephalography (EEG) is gaining importance continuously as me-Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications thods to assess users' behavior and mental state.…”

Exploring Hypersexuality Pathways From Eye Movements: The Role of (Sexual) Impulsivity

“…The TTFF indicates the amount of time that it takes an individual to look at a specific Area of Interest (AoI) from stimulus onset [22]. TTFF can be thought as early measure of processing [23] and it can provide information about how certain aspects of a visual scene are prioritized, capturing early/uncontrolled attention and hence, indexing interest [24,25].…”

“…An eye tracker was used (Tobii X3-120, Tobii Technology AB, Sweden) in order to track valid responses, ensuring participants initiated their ocular saccade from the fixation cross at the center of the screen, and actually hit the stimulus. The eye tracker further allowed us to collect TTFF, indexing early/uncontrolled attention toward stimuli [25].…”