Static and dynamic compression modulate matrix metabolism in tissue engineered cartilage

Abstract

Static and dynamic compression are known to modulate the metabolism of articular cartilage. The present study focused on determining the effects of compressive loading on the metabolism of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAG) and protein in tissue engineered cartilage constructs. Cartilage constructs were subjected to static or dynamic compression for 24 h and radiolabeled with %04 and 'H-proline to assess the total synthesis and percentage retention of S-GAG and total protein, respectively. Static compression at an amplitude of 50% suppressed the synthesis of both S-GAG and protein by 35% and 57%1, respectively. Dynamic compression at an amplitude of 5'%) had stimulatory effects on synthesis that were dependent on the static offset compression amplitude (lOo/;i or 50%) and dynamic compression frequency (0.001 or 0.1 Hz). Thus, tissue engineered cartilage demonstrated the ability to respond to mechanical loading in a manner similar to that observed with articular cartilage. Mechanical loading may therefore potentially be used to modulate the growth of cartilaginous tissues in vitro, potentially facilitating the culture of functional cartilage tissues suitable for implantation.

Dynamic patterns of mechanical stimulation co-localise with growth and cell proliferation during morphogenesis in the avian embryonic knee joint

“…It is difficult to assess the individual effects of each of these potential stimuli due to the differences between experiments; however some trends do emerge from the data. Continuous loads or high frequency, high magnitude loads inhibits cell processes such as matrix synthesis and growth (Buschmann et al, 1995;Davisson et al, 2002;Fukuda et al, 1997;Sironen et al, 2002;Wu and Chen, 2000), while low magnitude dynamic loading stimulates matrix synthesis (Buschmann et al, 1995;Davisson et al, 2002;Fukuda et al, 1997;Wu and Chen, 2000). Reduced chondrocyte proliferation was also recorded in DMB immobilised chick growth plates (Germiller and Goldstein, 1997).…”

Cartilage tissue engineering for degenerative joint disease☆

“…Thus, it is not surprising that mechanical loading, applied using a variety of devices [201] has been included as a key element in cartilage TE strategies, in order to enhance cell differentiation and/or tissue development in vitro. Indeed, a number of studies have reported stimulated chondrocyte metabolism and/or enhanced cartilage matrix production in response to dynamic loading, although these responses were greatly dependent upon the specific magnitude and/or frequency applied [105,[202][203][204][205][206][207]. Despite these numerous proofs of principle that mechanical conditioning can upregulate gene expression and tissue development, little is currently known about which specific mechanical forces, or regimes of application (i.e.…”

Engineering of Large Cartilaginous Tissues Through the Use of Microchanneled Hydrogels and Rotational Culture

“…These applied dynamic culturing conditions (perfusion/fluid flow, hydrostatic pressure or dynamic compressive loading) enhance developing neo-tissues F o r P e e r R e v i e w 4 through enhanced nutrient delivery and metabolic waste removal (15)(16)(17) and/or by providing a mechanical stimulus to the cells (6,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). For example, Akmal et.…”