Statement on exercise. Benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans. A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart association.

Fletcher, Gerald F.; Blair, Steven N.; Blumenthal, James A.; Caspersen, Carl J.; Chaitman, Bernard; Epstein, Stephen K.; Falls, Harold B.; Froelicher, Erika Sivarajan; Froelicher, Victor F.; Piña, Ileana L.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.86.1.340

Cited by 632 publications

(438 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Notably, in 1992 the American Heart Association published a statement recognising inactivity as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (22) . Despite these developments and the messages contained in both the 1978 and 1990 guidelines, physical inactivity continued to soar.…”

Section: American College Of Sports Medicine Position Standmentioning

confidence: 99%

Session 1: Public health nutrition Physical activity prescription for public health

2009

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The increased prevalence of CVD deaths in the past 60 years is a result in considerable part of the influence of environmental and lifestyle changes, including decreased daily energy expenditure through physical exertion. Physical activity prescription has therefore become an important public health issue. Exercise guidelines have evolved considerably since their first publication by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) in 1978. Guidelines initially focused on moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise to develop and maintain cardiorespiratory fitness. However, in the face of escalating physical inactivity, public health agencies sought to develop an exercise prescription more palatable to the sedentary majority and in 1995 recommended the accumulation of 30 min moderate-intensity exercise on most days of the week. The unexpected result of this message was that some individuals believed that vigorous exercise was not necessary, whilst others believed that low levels of physical activity were sufficient. In 2008 the ACSM and the American Heart Association sought to clarify this position and published an updated recommendation in which: the beneficial role of vigorous-intensity exercise is explicitly stated; adults are encouraged to combine moderate- and vigorous-intensity exercise to meet the minimum recommendation of moderate-intensity physical activity for a 30 min on 5 d/week or vigorous-intensity aerobic activity for 20 min on 3 d/week; the dose–response relationship between physical activity and health is reinforced. The immense challenge for public health professionals now lies in encouraging the sedentary population to adopt a more active lifestyle.

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Section: American College Of Sports Medicine Position Standmentioning

confidence: 99%

Session 1: Public health nutrition Physical activity prescription for public health

2009

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“…Specifically, HIT has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control (Burgomaster et al 2006(Burgomaster et al , 2008Gibala et al 2006;Wisloff et al 2007;Tjonna et al 2008;Babraj et al 2009;Haram et al 2009;Nybo et al 2010;Richards et al 2010;Whyte et al 2010;Gaesser and Angadi. 2011;Hood et al 2011;Little et al 2011;Shepherd et al 2013) as well as other cardiovascular health factors (Fletcher et al 1996) after just two weeks of training (typically six training sessions).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of high-intensity intermittent exercise on resting metabolic rate in healthy males

et al. 2013

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High intensity intermittent exercise training (HIT) may favourably alter body composition despite low training volumes and predicted energy expenditure (EE). Purpose: to characterise the acute impact of two common HIT protocols on EE and post-exercise oxygen consumption (11 h EPOC). Methods: oxygen consumption (l·min -1 ), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and EE were measured in nine healthy, lean males over 12 h under three conditions: control (CON), HIT1 (10x one min high intensity cycling bouts followed by one min rest) and HIT2 (10x four min high intensity cycling bouts followed by two min rest). Results: total exercise period EE during HIT1 (1151 ± 205 kJ) (mean ± SD) was significantly lower than HIT2 (2788 ± 322 kJ; p < 0.001). EE within the 60 min after exercise was significantly albeit marginally higher after HIT1 (388 ± 44 kJ; p = 0.02) and HIT2

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“…Low-intensity exercise carries a lower risk for cardiovascular complications compared to higher intensity. 18 Physicians and other health-care professionals are more likely to encourage patient participation in a low-intensity rather than high-intensity exercise programme. Participants are also more likely to maintain a lower than a higher intensity exercise programme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants are also more likely to maintain a lower than a higher intensity exercise programme. 18 The mechanisms by which physical activity moderates the effect of LVH on the risk of stroke are not clear. A probe into the mechanisms is beyond the scope of this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 It is also well known that physical activity lowers blood pressure, 6 improves haemodynamics and cardiac performance, and favourably alters lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, adipose tissue distribution and body mass index. 18 There are also beneficial changes in hormonal, metabolic, neurologic, respiratory and psychological factors. 19,20 Thus, the beneficial effects of physical activity on other established stroke risk factors may affect their interaction on the risk of stroke associated with LVH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity decreases the risk of stroke in middle-age men with left ventricular hypertrophy: 40-year follow-up (1961–2001) of the Seven Countries Study (the Corfu cohort)

et al. 2004

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Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a dominant characteristic of cardiovascular mortality. We investigated the interaction between physical activity and LVH on stroke mortality, based on a 40-year follow-up of the Corfu cohort from the Seven Countries Study. The population studied consisted of 529 rural men (40-59 years old) enrolled in the Study at 1961. LVH was electrographically confirmed according to Minnesota coding. Physical activity levels were assessed by selfreports of habitual, occupational and leisure-time activities. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate exercise levels with respect to stroke mortality in people with and without LVH. During the follow-up, 461 (87%) died, and 74 (16%) of these deaths were due to stroke. LVH was present in 40 (7.5%) men. A total of 362 (68%) men were defined as physically active. Physical activity was associated with a lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio ¼ 0.65, Po0.05). On the other hand, LVH had 5.8-fold the risk of stroke (Po0.001) among sedentary and 4.5-fold the risk (Po0.001) among physically active men, after controlling for several potential confounders. However, moderate physical activity decreased the risk of stroke by 49% in men with LVH as compared to sedentary without LVH (hazard ratio ¼ 0.51, Po0.01), while hard exercise did not confer any significant reduction in stroke risk. We revealed the benefits from moderate physical activity on stroke mortality among men with LVH. Physicians and other health-care professionals should encourage patients with LVH to adopt a physically active lifestyle.

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Statement on exercise. Benefits and recommendations for physical activity programs for all Americans. A statement for health professionals by the Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart association.

Cited by 632 publications

References 39 publications

Session 1: Public health nutrition Physical activity prescription for public health

Session 1: Public health nutrition Physical activity prescription for public health

The impact of high-intensity intermittent exercise on resting metabolic rate in healthy males

Physical activity decreases the risk of stroke in middle-age men with left ventricular hypertrophy: 40-year follow-up (1961–2001) of the Seven Countries Study (the Corfu cohort)

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