“…The development of a circular economy in which water is reused and recycled will be key to ensuring sustainability, and this will require effective management strategies at the four stages of the wastewater management cycle: pollution reduction, wastewater collection and treatment, reuse of wastewater, recovery of useful by-products [195]. Within the mathematical programming literature, various aspects of wastewater management have been considered, including pollution reduction [39,43,134,175], water treatment [33,206], and the reuse of wastewater [98,106,169,219,238]. The call for a circular economy motivates further research, particularly in the areas of wastewater reuse and by-product recovery, which are unrepresented in the literature.…”