Teachers' voices explore and document what is at stake when they are excluded from power-brokering conversations that mandate how teachers practice and model democracy in classrooms. Case study vignettes, interviews, classroom observations, and reflections of teachers in urban and suburban schools reveal four significant teacher subcultures of democratic practice: a subculture of compliance, a subculture of noncompliance, a subculture of subversion, and a subculture of democratic inquiry and practice. Analyses reveal that each subculture poses significant stakes for teachers, preservice teachers, the teaching profession, pupils, and society writ large.Keywords Reform Á Teacher subculture Á Democratic practice Á Educational change Á Oppression of educational reform Á Compliance Á Noncompliance Á Subversion Á Democratic inquiry and practice
Teacher subcultures of democratic practiceWhat is democracy? Follett (1988) observed that democracy is a genuine union of true individuals, not a majority will, but rather an integrated will, where the group is the vehicle through which unity, rather than uniformity is realized. Like John Calhoun who believed that the goal of