State Preemption of Food and Nutrition Policies and Litigation: Undermining Government's Role in Public Health

Pomeranz, Jennifer L.; Zellers, Leslie; Bare, Michael; Pertschuk, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.07.027

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Many oppose partnerships between food industry and health organizations because of inherent conflicts of interests [39,58,59]. In addition to potentially compromising the credibility of health organizations, partnering with food companies, particularly those that largely produce and promote unhealthy food products, could confer an aura of healthfulness, goodwill and credibility to these industry partners while eclipsing the fact that many of the same companies or their industry associations persistently and aggressively push-back against government policies and the efforts of public health advocates aimed at improving diet and health [60][61][62]. Some argue that cross-sectoral partnership may also distort the priorities of beneficiary organizations and lead to self-censorship.…”

Section: Cross-sector Engagement and Conflicts Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical activity and nutrition-related corporate social responsibility initiatives of food and beverage companies in Canada and implications for public health

et al. 2020

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Background: As diet-related diseases have increased over the past decades, large food companies have come under scrutiny for contributing to this public health crisis. In response, the food industry has implemented Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives related to nutrition and physical activity to emphasize their concern for consumers. This study sought to describe the nature and targeted demographic of physical activity and nutrition-related CSR initiatives of large food companies in Canada and to compare companies who participate in the Canadian Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI), a self-regulatory initiative aimed at reducing unhealthy food advertising to children, with non-participating companies. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. Thirty-nine large food companies, including 18 participating in the CAI, were included in the study. The webpages, Facebook pages and corporate reports of these companies were surveyed to identify CSR initiatives related to nutrition and physical activity. Initiatives were then classified by type (as either philanthropic, education-oriented, research-oriented or other) and by targeted demographic (i.e. targeted at children under 18 years or the general population). Differences between CAI and non-CAI companies were tested using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Overall, 63 CSR initiatives were identified; 39 were nutrition-related while 24 were physical activity-related. Most (70%) initiatives were considered philanthropic activities, followed by education-oriented (20%), researchoriented (8%) and other (2%). Almost half (47%; n = 29) of initiatives targeted children. Examples of child-targeted initiatives included support of school milk programs (n = 2), the sponsorship of children's sports programs (n = 2) and the development of educational resources for teachers (n = 1). There were no statistically significant differences in the number of CSR initiatives per company (CAI: Mdn = 1, IQR = 3; non-CAI: Mdn = 0, IQR = 2; p = .183) or the proportion of child-targeted initiatives (CAI: 42%; non-CAI: 54%; p = .343) between CAI and non-CAI companies.

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Section: Cross-sector Engagement and Conflicts Of Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical activity and nutrition-related corporate social responsibility initiatives of food and beverage companies in Canada and implications for public health

et al. 2020

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“…Research on SSB taxes has identified political conditions under which adoption is more or less feasible, noting that ballot initiatives may be more successful if new revenue is earmarked for public health purposes, while city councils may favor revenue without earmarking . That said, as of October 2018, three states had preempted, or blocked, the ability of local governments to enact SSB taxes . Two states had ballot initiatives to preempt local SSB taxes in the November 2018 election (one of which passed), and other state preemption bills have been proposed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal Feasibility of US Government Policies to Reduce Cancer Risk by Reducing Intake of Processed Meat

et al. 2019

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High‐profile international evidence reviews by the World Health Organization, the World Cancer Research Fund, the American Institute for Cancer Research, and the American Cancer Society concluded that processed meat consumption increases the risk of cancer. The red meat and processed meat industries are influential in the United States and in several other nations. The US federal government supports public‐private partnerships for commodity meat promotion and advertising. Four potential policy options to affect consumption of processed meat are taxation, reduced processed meat quantities in school meal standards, public service announcements, and warning labels. Feasibility of these options would be enhanced by an explicit and science‐based statement on processed meat in the 2020‐2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Context The World Health Organization, the World Cancer Research Fund, and the American Cancer Society have each in recent years concluded that processed meats are probable carcinogens. The 2015‐2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans did not separately evaluate health effects of processed meat, although it mentioned lower processed meat intakes among characteristics of healthy diets. Methods We summarized the international scientific literature on meat intake and cancer risk; described the scientific and political processes behind the periodic Dietary Guidelines for Americans; described the US red meat and processed meat industries and the economic structure of government‐supported industry initiatives for advertising and promotion; and reviewed and analyzed specific factors and precedents that influence the feasibility of four potential policy approaches to reduce processed meat intake. Findings Based on a review of 800 epidemiological studies, the World Health Organization found sufficient evidence in humans that processed meat is carcinogenic, estimating that each 50‐gram increase in daily intake increases the risk of colorectal cancer by 18%. Among the four policy responses we studied, legal feasibility is highest in the US for three policy options: reducing processed meat in school meals and other specific government‐sponsored nutrition programs; a local, state, or federal tax on processed meat; and public service announcements on health harms of processed meats by either the government or private sector entities. Legal feasibility is moderate for a fourth policy option, mandatory warning labels, due to outstanding legal questions about the minimum evidence required to support this policy. Political feasibility is influenced by the economic and political power of the meat industries and also depends on decisions in the next round of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans about how to assess and describe the link between processed meat consumption and cancer risk. Conclusions Public policy initiatives to reduce processed meat intake have a strong scientific and public health justification and are legally feasible, but political feasibility is influenced by the economic and political power of meat...

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“…As suggested by the embedding of the community context within the broader context in Figure 1 , factors at the state, tribal, national, and global levels can influence the community context as well. For example, preemptive laws can prevent state and local governments from enacting policies that influence the RFE, such as taxes and labeling [ 113 ].…”

Section: Community State Tribal National and Global Contextsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model Depicting the Retail Food Environment and Customer Interactions: Components, Outcomes, and Future Directions

Winkler

Zenk

Baquero

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The retail food environment (RFE) has important implications for dietary intake and health, and dramatic changes in RFEs have been observed over the past few decades and years. Prior conceptual models of the RFE and its relationships with health and behavior have played an important role in guiding research; yet, the convergence of RFE changes and scientific advances in the field suggest the time is ripe to revisit this conceptualization. In this paper, we propose the Retail Food Environment and Customer Interaction Model to convey the evolving variety of factors and relationships that convene to influence food choice at the point of purchase. The model details specific components of the RFE, including business approaches, actors, sources, and the customer retail experience; describes individual, interpersonal, and household characteristics that affect customer purchasing; highlights the macro-level contexts (e.g., communities and nations) in which the RFE and customers behave; and addresses the wide-ranging outcomes produced by RFEs and customers, including: population health, food security, food justice, environmental sustainability, and business sustainability. We believe the proposed conceptualization helps to (1) provide broad implications for future research and (2) further highlight the need for transdisciplinary collaborations to ultimately improve a range of critical population outcomes.

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State Preemption of Food and Nutrition Policies and Litigation: Undermining Government's Role in Public Health

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

The physical activity and nutrition-related corporate social responsibility initiatives of food and beverage companies in Canada and implications for public health

The physical activity and nutrition-related corporate social responsibility initiatives of food and beverage companies in Canada and implications for public health

Legal Feasibility of US Government Policies to Reduce Cancer Risk by Reducing Intake of Processed Meat

A Model Depicting the Retail Food Environment and Customer Interactions: Components, Outcomes, and Future Directions

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