State of the World's "Street" Children: Violence Prevention and Protection

Benítez, Sarah Thomas de

doi:10.1037/e516662013-054

Cited by 58 publications

(76 citation statements)

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“…Many of these youth have a home to return to at the end of the day while others do not (Lemba, 2002). While it is estimated that more than 100 million children work and live on the streets worldwide (de Benítez, 2007), there are approximately 35,000 such children in Zambia (Ministry of Sport, Youth and Child Development, 2004). The high-risk behaviors of street youth, such as substance use and transactional sex (trading sex for food, clothing, or money), which often arises from the social and economic conditions both within society and their family, places these youth at significantly higher risk for HIV infection compared to general adolescent populations (de Benítez, 2007; Muntingh, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While it is estimated that more than 100 million children work and live on the streets worldwide (de Benítez, 2007), there are approximately 35,000 such children in Zambia (Ministry of Sport, Youth and Child Development, 2004). The high-risk behaviors of street youth, such as substance use and transactional sex (trading sex for food, clothing, or money), which often arises from the social and economic conditions both within society and their family, places these youth at significantly higher risk for HIV infection compared to general adolescent populations (de Benítez, 2007; Muntingh, 2006). In addition to community level factors (e.g., economic conditions in one’s community, ease of obtaining drugs in one’s community), family level factors (e.g., low parental supervision, parental drug misuse), as well as peer level factors (e.g., peer binge drinking, peer drug use) all contribute to youths’ substance use behaviors (Luke, 2003; Nkowane et al, 2004; Peltzer, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for HIV among Zambian street youth

Tyler

Handema

Schmitz

et al. 2016

Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services

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The sub-Saharan African region has been disproportionately affected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Zambia has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates within this region. Moreover, new incidences of HIV infection are increasing most rapidly among those 15 to 24 years of age. Though young people are at high risk for HIV infection, street youth are even more vulnerable given their exposure to high risk behaviors. The current study examines multiple levels of social influence on HIV infection among 250 street youth in Zambia. Results reveal that though the majority of youth understand what behaviors increase their risk for HIV, youth still hold many misconceptions about HIV/AIDS. Additionally, youth who do not have a home to return to and those who report parental drug misuse were significantly more likely to be HIV positive. This study underscores the need for further education among street youth regarding HIV knowledge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for HIV among Zambian street youth

Tyler

Handema

Schmitz

et al. 2016

Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services

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“…Unfortunately, such litigations do not act as deterrents [2,4,16]. In order to protect street children as well as society from any harm originating from such delinquent and anti-social behaviour, an in-depth understanding of such behaviour and their determinants are imperative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extreme poverty, lack of appropriate care by adults, been victims of violence, and substance abuse have been repeatedly shown to be common determinants of delinquent and anti-social behaviour of street children [2,4,8]. Nevertheless, street children in different regions and countries have unique behaviour patterns and determinants shaped by distinctive socio-cultural and economic environments in their respective societies [14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk behaviour of street children in Colombo

Senaratna

Wijewardana

2012

Ceylon Med. J.

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Introduction Sri Lankan street children live in insecure and disadvantaged environments and have disrupted and poorly functioning families resulting in their poor socialisation. In this backdrop they are at high risk of adopting delinquent and antisocial behaviour and becoming victims of abuse. Despite recognition of this as a social problem, an in-depth exploration of their behaviour and its correlates has not been attempted.Objectives To describe risk behaviour among street children in Colombo city and the determinants of such behaviour.Methods A cross sectional qualitative study in Colombo Fort, Pettah, Slave Island, and Maradana areas was conducted using focus group discussions (FGDs) with street children and semi-structured interviews (SSIs) with street children and key informants in their environment. Data generated were used to profile 283 children identified through referral sampling. An observation study was conducted to validate data generated through FGDs and SSIs. Semi-structured questionnaires, a moderator guide, an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and an observational checklist were used for SSIs, FGDs, profiling, and observational study, respectively. Risk behaviour of street children in ColomboResults Majority of street children were boys and were aged 14 years or less. Nearly 18% lived alone without a guardian. Two thirds had never enrolled in a school. Many children were used for begging, neglecting their health vulnerabilities. Occupational risk behaviour included heavy manual labour, transportation and sale of illicit alcohol and narcotics, robbing/pick-pocketing, commercial sex work, and pimping. Recreational risk behaviour included abuse of alcohol/narcotics, smoking, sexual promiscuity, and patronising commercial sex workers.Conclusions Increased awareness and strategies are required to minimise threats to street children and society.

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Streets of resilience: Exploring the role of educational outreach projects with street connected young people in Guatemala City

Stevenson

Oldfield

Ortiz

2019

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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We explored resilience amongst street connected young people (SCYP) in Guatemala City in relation to two community-based educational outreach projects who work with at risk young people. We investigated (a) how these projects adapt and constructed meaningful spaces of safety and protection for SCYP and (b) how their interactions with the families of SCYP impact on well-being amongst SCYP.We focused on resilience-building elements and practices, rather than on the dangers of street connectedness. Using ethnographic interviews, participatory photography, and image elicitation, we worked with eight young people and four adult project volunteers. Our research yielded evidence that dwellings, market stalls, and buildings used for religious purposes are being adapted as spaces of aspiration and opportunity to promote resilience. We found evidence of rifts between education projects and parents, and evidence for strategies for repairing these rifts. Our findings highlight the importance of community educational organisations in Guatemala City and have implications for their practice.

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State of the World's "Street" Children: Violence Prevention and Protection

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Risk factors for HIV among Zambian street youth

Risk factors for HIV among Zambian street youth

Risk behaviour of street children in Colombo

Streets of resilience: Exploring the role of educational outreach projects with street connected young people in Guatemala City

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