State of the theory of vacuum arcs

Beilis, I. I.

doi:10.1109/27.964451

Cited by 188 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Because the mechanism of the electron emission from the cathode surface in the spot is fundamentally thermionic emissions enhanced by Schottky effect, the increase of the positive ions strengthens the electric field near the surface, which reduces the effective work function, and raised the surface temperature through their collision, thereby emitting more electrons. 15,16) Actually, the reduction of effective work function of cathode, which is considered to be caused by Schottky effect, has been observed in arc discharge. 17) Furthermore, positive ions weaken the space charge effect of the electrons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode Spot Behavior Variation in Oxide Layer Removal Caused by Potassium Hydroxide Pre-treatment

et al. 2011

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A several-micrometer-thick oxide layer on steel plate samples was removed by high energy density cathode spots appearing on the cathode surface in vacuum arc discharge. The samples' surface conditions before the oxide layer removal are altered by application of various concentrations of KOH aqueous solution. Such surface condition changes affect cathode spot behavior and improve the energy efficiency of the oxide layer removal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathode Spot Behavior Variation in Oxide Layer Removal Caused by Potassium Hydroxide Pre-treatment

et al. 2011

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“…Low-pressure arc cathode spots can remove oxide layers from metallic surfaces [26,27]. After removal of oxide layers, those surfaces become rough because the high-temperature cathode spot melts the surface.…”

Section: Cathode Spot Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After removal of oxide layers, those surfaces become rough because the high-temperature cathode spot melts the surface. Cathode spots are characterized [26][27][28][29] by: (1) numerous arc spots, (2) vapor emission of the cathode material because of extremely intense arc power, (3) rapid movement of the spots on the cathode surface in a random manner [26,30], and (4) preferential formation on oxides [26,31]. Oxides under the cathode spots are vaporized and removed instantaneously.…”

Section: Cathode Spot Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portable application of thermal plasma and arc discharge for waste treatment, thermal spraying and surface treatment

Iwao¹,

Yumoto²

2006

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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Thermal plasma and arc discharge have numerous useful characteristics related to their high temperature and intense radiation. Many applications have been developed. Recently, a portable twin-torch plasma arc furnace for waste treatment, thermal spraying torches, steam plasma torches, and surface treatment of low-pressure arc was developed. This paper describes the recent development of a portable application of thermal plasma and arc discharge. The portable device can treat wastes and perform thermal spraying and surface treatments on site. This technology is expected to become more attractive. 

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“…Cathodes spots can be initiated by the very high electric fields present at the surface. [14][15][16][17][18] In general, cathode spots are typically low voltage, high current, vacuum arc phenomena. Though rare, the low current, high voltage spot has also been documented in the literature.…”

Section: Conceptual Description Of Dust Particle Accelerator Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of dust stream formation produced by low current, high voltage cathode spots

Foster

2004

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Macroparticle acceleration driven by low current, high voltage cathode spots has been investigated for potential applications ranging from micrometeoroid simulation to nanoparticle deposition/implantation. Acceleration by this process was observed to occur when nanometer and micrometer-sized particles were exposed to a high voltage pulse in the presence of a plasma discharge. The applied negative voltage pulse initiates the formation of multiple, high voltage, low current cathode spots which provide the mechanism of actual acceleration of the charged dust particles. Dust streams generated by this process were detected using laser scattering techniques. Cathode spot behavior was also documented. The particle impact craters observed at the surface of downstream witness badges were documented using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The observed impacts suggest the presence of energetic macroparticles formed during this process.

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State of the theory of vacuum arcs

Cited by 188 publications

References 75 publications

Cathode Spot Behavior Variation in Oxide Layer Removal Caused by Potassium Hydroxide Pre-treatment

Cathode Spot Behavior Variation in Oxide Layer Removal Caused by Potassium Hydroxide Pre-treatment

Portable application of thermal plasma and arc discharge for waste treatment, thermal spraying and surface treatment

Observation of dust stream formation produced by low current, high voltage cathode spots

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