State of the art two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks: Prospects from rational design and reactions to applications for advanced energy storage technologies

Iqbal, Rashid; Yasin, Ghulam; Hamza, Mathar; Ibraheem, Shumaila; Ullah, Bakhtar; Saleem, Adil; Ali, Sajjad; Hussain, Sabir; Nguyen, Tuan Anh; Slimani, Y.; Pathak, Rajesh

doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214152

Cited by 77 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Thus far, different types of photocatalysts including metal oxides (e.g., TiO 2 and ZnO), graphic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), metal sulfides (e.g., In 2 S 3 and CdS), and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed to promote H 2 O 2 production. However, the unsatisfactory electronic absorption properties of the inorganic photocatalysts and relatively weak stability of the MOF-based photocatalysts retard their wide range of practical applications. ,− As newly emerging porous crystalline frameworks, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) composed of organic building units linked by covalent bonds have been attracting significant interest for a wide range of applications in various fields such as gas storage and separation, , optoelectronic devices, catalysis, , and energy storage , due to their advantages of low density, robust stability, and high porosity. − In particular, the tunable band structure of COFs at the molecular level achieved by incorporating different organic building blocks affords their designable light-harvesting and charge-transport properties, endowing them with promising photocatalytic activity toward various reactions, e.g., hydrogen evolution reaction, CO 2 reduction reaction, and N 2 reduction reaction . It is worth noting that COFs have been rarely utilized as photocatalysts for H 2 O 2 photosynthesis despite their relatively rich versatility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piperazine-Linked Metalphthalocyanine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven H₂O₂ Photosynthesis

et al. 2022

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Artificial photosynthesis of H2O2 from O2 reduction provides an energy-saving, safe, and green approach. However, it is still critical to develop highly active and selective 2e– oxygen reduction reaction photocatalysts for efficient H2O2 production owing to the unsatisfactory photosynthesis productivity. Herein, two new two-dimensional piperazine-linked CoPc-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs), namely, CoPc-BTM-COF and CoPc-DAB-COF, were afforded from the nucleophilic substitution reaction of hexadecafluorophthalocyaninato cobalt(II) (CoPcF16) with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine (BTM) or 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB). Powder X-ray diffraction analysis in combination with electron microscopy and a series of spectroscopic technologies reveals their crystalline porous framework with a fully conjugated structure and eclipsed π-stacking model. Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance absorption spectra unveil their excellent light absorption capacity in a wide range of 400–1000 nm. This, together with their enhanced photo-induced charge separation and transport efficiency as disclosed by photocurrent response and photoluminescence measurements, endows the as-prepared piperazine-linked CoPc-based COFs with superior photocatalytic activity toward O2-to-H2O2 conversion under visible-light irradiation (λ > 400 nm). In particular, CoPc-BTM-COF exhibits a record-high H2O2 yield of 2096 μmol h–1 g–1 among the COF-based photocatalysts and an impressive apparent quantum yield of 7.2% at 630 nm. The present result should be helpful for fabricating high-performance and low-cost photocatalysts for visible-light-driven H2O2 photosynthesis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piperazine-Linked Metalphthalocyanine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven H₂O₂ Photosynthesis

et al. 2022

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“…[10][11][12][13] With the development of organic electrode materials, a large number of functional groups are found to be available as redox sites in lithium-ion storage devices. 14 Among them, the C═O and C═N reversibly react with single Li + during the charge-discharge procedure, showing similar lithium-storage mechanisms. [15][16][17] Notably, azo (N═N) can be embedded with double Li + ions by breaking its double bond, which is considered to be the research hotspot in organic electrode materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent organic framework containing dual redox centers as an efficient anode in Li‐ion batteries

et al. 2022

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with periodic channels and tunable chemical structures have been widely considered as promising electrode materials in rechargeable batteries. However, the design and construction of high-performance COFs-based electrodes still face some challenges in the introduction of multiple efficient redox centers as well as the reduction of dead mass. To address these issues, a unique COF containing double active centers (C═N and N═N) is developed as an anode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The as-prepared COF displays excellent electrochemical performance due to its remarkable structural stability and the existence of many active groups. Meanwhile, its electrochemical performance is significantly better than that of the small molecule compound or the linear polymer with the same construction units. Even at a high current density of 5 A/g, the LIBs with COF electrodes remain at a high discharge capacity of 227 mAh/g after 2000 cycles. Moreover, the distinction in electrochemical performances of these three materials is further revealed by calculation. This study illustrates the importance of molecular structure design for improving the performance of organic electrodes.

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“…In particular, the porous framework paired with N-doping or N, S co-doping as the iodine-loading host in AZIBs has shown good long-life cycling and rate performance [30]. In addition, some well-defined frameworks such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [31], covalent-organic frameworkss [32], and MXene [33] as host materials have shown great application potential in AZIBs. Although progress in iodine anchoring, cycle stability, and rate capability has been made for AZIBs, the narrow electrochemical window (<1.23 V) of water and low-mass loads of iodine in the cathode limit their energy density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anchoring high-mass iodine to nanoporous carbon with large-volume micropores and rich pyridine-N sites for high-energy-density and long-life Zn-I2 aqueous battery

et al. 2022

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Aqueous Zn-I 2 batteries (AZIBs) are highly desirable for green energy-storage technologies, but their development was greatly limited by their unsatisfactory energy densities. Herein, we report high-energy-density rechargeable AZIBs achieved by anchoring high-mass iodine to a distinctive N-doped hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC) material with large micropore volume and rich N-doping. The NHPC combined strong iodine confinement caused by the micropore and powerful chemisorption of iodine species with pyridine-N doping, which enabled high loads of iodine up to 61.6 wt%. Notably, density functional theory calculations and experimental studies showed that abundant pyridine-N active sites promoted electron transfer, and the interconnected micromesoporous structure facilitated the Zn-ion diffusion to synergistically promote the redox kinetics of AZIBs. The high content of iodine-loading cathode exhibited a high capacity of 219.3 mA h g −1 at 1.0 C, indicating excellent rate capability and superior cycling stability with a low capacity decay of 0.00147% per cycle within 10,000 cycles at 5.0 C. In addition, a preliminary device assembled with three batteries in series provided a high energy density of up to 72.6 W h kg −1 calculated by the total mass of the battery, which is almost two times that of the commercial aqueous lead-acid and Ni-Cd batteries. The high energy density and long cycle life of this aqueous battery indicate its great application potential in large-scale energy storage.

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State of the art two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks: Prospects from rational design and reactions to applications for advanced energy storage technologies

Cited by 77 publications

References 189 publications

Piperazine-Linked Metalphthalocyanine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven H₂O₂ Photosynthesis

Piperazine-Linked Metalphthalocyanine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven H₂O₂ Photosynthesis

Covalent organic framework containing dual redox centers as an efficient anode in Li‐ion batteries

Anchoring high-mass iodine to nanoporous carbon with large-volume micropores and rich pyridine-N sites for high-energy-density and long-life Zn-I2 aqueous battery

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State of the art two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks: Prospects from rational design and reactions to applications for advanced energy storage technologies

Cited by 77 publications

References 189 publications

Piperazine-Linked Metalphthalocyanine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven H2O2 Photosynthesis

Piperazine-Linked Metalphthalocyanine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven H2O2 Photosynthesis

Covalent organic framework containing dual redox centers as an efficient anode in Li‐ion batteries

Anchoring high-mass iodine to nanoporous carbon with large-volume micropores and rich pyridine-N sites for high-energy-density and long-life Zn-I2 aqueous battery

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Product

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Piperazine-Linked Metalphthalocyanine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven H₂O₂ Photosynthesis

Piperazine-Linked Metalphthalocyanine Frameworks for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven H₂O₂ Photosynthesis