State-of-the-Art Technologies for Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems

Abstract

Advances in building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems for residential and commercial purposes are set to minimize overall energy requirements and associated greenhouse gas emissions. The BIPV design considerations entail energy infrastructure, pertinent renewable energy sources, and energy efficiency provisions. In this work, the performance of roof/façade-based BIPV systems and the affecting parameters on cooling/heating loads of buildings are reviewed. Moreover, this work provides an overview of different categories of BIPV, presenting the recent developments and sufficient references, and supporting more successful implementations of BIPV for various globe zones. A number of available technologies decide the best selections, and make easy configuration of the BIPV, avoiding any difficulties, and allowing flexibility of design in order to adapt to local environmental conditions, and are adequate to important considerations, such as building codes, building structures and loads, architectural components, replacement and maintenance, energy resources, and all associated expenditure. The passive and active effects of both air-based and water-based BIPV systems have great effects on the cooling and heating loads and thermal comfort and, hence, on the electricity consumption.

Progress in Solar Thermal Systems and Their Role in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

“…Rapid advances have been achieved for enhancing the energy output of BIPVT designed for facades, rooftops, and windows. In addition, their thermal performance mechanisms, benefits, applications, barriers, and challenges have been introduced [9,46].…”

Metal-Air Batteries—A Review

“…However, the significant increase in renewable energy requires a proper energy storage system to accommodate such requirements [140,141]. With the increasing prevalence of renewable energy production sources such as wind [142][143][144][145] and solar energy [146][147][148][149], the electricity grid will need the assistance of a large-scale electrical energy storage system. The energy produced from renewable sources is intermittent, aperiodic, and changeable in nature, requiring constant attention.…”

Kirigami-inspired automatically self-inclining bifacial solar cell arrays to enhance energy yield under both sunny and cloudy conditions

“…Given this trend, the application of PVs has expanded in various geographical locations and in facilities ranging from industrial sites to residential housing. In addition, the emphasized concept in the PV field is shifting from “watt-per-cost” to “energy-yield-per-watt,” especially for urban applications ( Chen et al., 2021 ; Maghrabie et al., 2021 ; Seo et al., 2021 ; Sinke, 2019 ). Achieving a high energy yield in a solar plant requires a system with a tracking system and one-size-fits-all modules whose arrangement, including fixed angles and heights.…”