State-of-the-art strategies and research advances for the biosynthesis of D-amino acids

Hydrogen Bonding-Induced Aggregation of Chiral Functionalized AuNS@Ag NPs for Photothermal Enantioanalysis

“…The stereoisomeric recognition of biomolecules in nature exhibits a noteworthy level of specificity, resulting in two mirror image permutations of enantiomers that elicit quite different biological reactions. , In this context, chiral amino acids play a crucial role in various metabolic processes and serve as indispensable building blocks for proteins and other biomolecules. , In recent years, there has been a shift in emphasis from proteogenic l -amino acids to the emerging biological significance of several d -antipodes. Free d -amino acids have been unveiled to play crucial biological and pathological roles in living organisms. − Although many specific physiological functions are still being investigated, d -amino acids have garnered increasing attention as potential disease markers and for the treatment of neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, Parkinsonism syndrome, and Alzheimer’s disease. − Additionally, the structural diversity of naturally occurring amino acids has found extensive applications in the chemical industry , and pharmaceutical sciences. − Two types of enantiomers have become inestimable initial ingredient for the stereoselective synthesis of physiological activators and novel functional materials . Consequently, the exploitation of sensitive and accessible analytical techniques to discriminate between enantiomers of amino acids is extraordinarily attractive and challenging.…”

“…5−7 Although many specific physiological functions are still being investigated, Damino acids have garnered increasing attention as potential disease markers and for the treatment of neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, Parkinsonism syndrome, and Alzheimer's disease. 8−10 Additionally, the structural diversity of naturally occurring amino acids has found extensive applications in the chemical industry 11,12 and pharmaceutical sciences. 13−15 Two types of enantiomers have become inestimable initial ingredient for the stereoselective synthesis of physiological activators and novel functional materials.…”

Mechanism-Guided Computational Design Drives meso-Diaminopimelate Dehydrogenase to Efficient Synthesis of Aromatic d-amino Acids

“…Moreover, they hold promising potential as pharmaceutical active ingredients for effectively treating many diseases. For example, nateglinide is used for treating diabetes, tadalafil for sexual dysfunction, and sakubilide sodium is utilized in antiheart failure medications. − Chemical methods, such as asymmetric catalysis and chiral resolution, can be employed to synthesize aromatic d -AAs. − However, chemical methods necessitate tedious protection–deprotection steps, costly catalysts or chiral auxiliaries, and the use of highly toxic chemicals, leading to detrimental wastewater contamination and consequential environmental issues. ,− …”

Hierarchical Engineering of meso-Diaminopimelate Dehydrogenase for Efficient Synthesis of Bulky d-Amino Acids

“…d -Amino acids are important chiral building blocks with widespread applications in the synthesis of numerous bioactive molecules in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agrochemical industries. − For example, d -phenylglycine and p -hydroxy- d -phenylglycine are used for the synthesis of semisynthetic antibiotics, ampicillin and amoxicillin, respectively. d -Phenylalanine can be incorporated in antibacterial peptides ( e.g., fungisporin, polymyxin, gramicidin), as well as alkaloids ( e.g., ribasine) …”

“…d -Alanine is a precursor for sweetener alitame . The Global Market Research Reports Company predicted that the global market of d -amino acids is expected to reach 281.74 million USD by 2028 . Therefore, different chemical and biological methods have been developed for the synthesis of d -amino acids .…”