State-of-the-art review on timber connections with glued-in steel rods

Pull-Out Strength of Steel Rods Bonded Into Mengkulang (Tarrietia Javanica) Glulam at Five Different Angles to the Grain

“…Rods glued-in parallel to the grain had greater strength, compared to rods glued-in at other angles to the grain, as reported by similar studies on hybrid joints (Bengtsson & Johansson 2001, Tlustochowicz et al 2011, Hussin et al 2016. Hussin et al (2016) found that glulam joints with dowels glued-in parallel (0°) to the grain bore twice the maximum load, then joints with dowels glued-in perpendicular (90°) to the grain.…”

“…Generally, failure modes are found in the connection (Ahmad et al 2010). Brittle failure modes should be overcome by designers as these may pose a safety hazard and occur suddenly, without warning (Tlustochowicz et al 2011). However, in the present study, shear failure along the adhesive and timber interface (brittle) was the dominant cause of failure, (Figure 10).…”

“…The study focused on single dowel-type connection. Testing of single rods allows a simplified analysis and isolation of parameters showing their influence on the mechanical performance of the joint (Rossignon & Espion 2008, Tlustochowicz et al 2011. Oversized holes of 20 mm diameter were drilled into the glulam blocks at 0°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90° angles to the grain (Figure 2).…”

Pull-compression tests on glued-in metric thread rods parallel to grain in glulam and laminated veneer lumber of different timber species

“…The scope of this standard covers only fasteners which are inserted into solid timber members or glulam including any type of nails, screws and staples. Tlustochowicz et al (2011) noted that pull-compression test setup does not correspond to practical applications. This method seems to be appropriate for comparative tests assessing the capability for different materials because of simplicity of the experiment and the possibility of comparison with similar experimental work done by numerous scientists.…”

“…1 and explained by Tlustochowicz et al (2011). By varying the test setup and anchorage length different failure modes can be obtained or even excluded.…”