State-of-the-art review on the use of lignocellulosic biomass in cementitious materials

Abstract

The lignocellulosic biomass wastes cause some burden on the environment; meanwhile, the concrete industry is faced with large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions and raw mineral materials consumption. The use of lignocellulosic biomass wastes in cementitious materials not only provides an alternative to deal with the wastes but also favors the sustainable development of concrete industry. This review first introduces the characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass and then examines its effect on the mechanical properties, shrinkage, cracking, and some other properties of cement composites. Results show that lignocellulosic biomass can be directly used for three purposes: reinforcements, aggregates, and cement replacements. Although the lignocellulosic biomass cannot always enhance the mechanical properties of cementitious materials, it can improve toughness, shrinkage, cracking, heat insulation, etc. Additionally, some concerns with the use of lignocellulosic biomass are summarized, for which some physical and chemical modification methods (heating treatment, boiling treatment, torrefaction treatment, etc.) are identified to change the structure or remove amorphous components of lignocellulose biomass or prevent it from directly contacting cementitious materials. This review can provide some guidance for designing sustainable cementitious materials with lignocellulosic biomass.

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Thermo-Chemical Properties of Sudanese Biomass for Sustainable Applications

“…The mean amount of cellulose in the cotton stalks (40.3%) was in line with the values in previous studies [27,28]. The differences in these values may be due to various factors such as climatic conditions, soil composition, plant variety, and age [6]. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents strongly influence the natural fibers' mechanical, physical, and thermal properties.…”

“…This requires a significant reduction in the greenhouse gas emissions that result from the burning of fossil fuels [3][4][5]. Biomass residues, which include agricultural by-products such as crop residues, straws, husks, and stalks, this resource can be utilized effectively as a sustainable and renewable source [6][7][8]. Lignocellulosic biomass is made up of three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [3,9].…”

Exploring Oat Husks as Aggregates in Limestone-Based Composites: Effects of Surface Treatments and Binder Selection on Mechanical Performance

“…In the treatment of bio-aggregates, raw linseed oil (Rustins Ltd., London, UK), with a supplier-stated relative density of 0.9 g/cm 3 and a pH of approximately 7, was applied to augment the durability and resistance of the aggregates. To expedite the curing process, a liquid non-chloride accelerator (<0.1% chloride), specifically a calcium nitrate-based product (Arc Frostproofer & Rapid Hardener, supplied by Arc Building Products, Arklow, Ireland), was employed.…”

“…As a technological innovation in lime-based and cement-based composites, there is a growing interest in incorporating by-products made of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—commonly referred to as lignocellulosic materials—especially from agricultural origin, as a more sustainable means of adding value to this material [ 3 , 4 ]. These efforts explore the circular use of resources and the utilisation of renewable and nature-based materials, such as plant-derived materials, to counterbalance carbon emissions and minimise the environmental impact associated with the production of conventional construction materials [ 5 , 6 ].…”

A Review on the Application of Lignocellulosic Biomass Ash in Cement-Based Composites

“…On one hand, when these ashes are released into the atmosphere, they deteriorate air quality and pose serious threats to human health by causing cardiovascular diseases [13]. On the other hand, these ashes are often disposed of in landfills or forest land, which not only causes waste of land resources but also affects groundwater safety [14][15][16]. Because lignocellulosic biomass absorbs a large amount of silicate from the soil during the growth process, there is some SiO 2 in the chemical composition of lignocellulosic biomass ash, showing similar behavior to conventional supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash and silica fume [17][18][19][20].…”