State-of-the-art review on plastic cracking of concrete

Kayondo, M.; Combrinck, Riaan; Boshoff, William P.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.197

Cited by 90 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Nevertheless, environmental conditions can also influence the adhesion of tiles to the substrate, which might have consequences on the performance of the cladding system over time [91]. In ACF, the emergence of plastic cracking, one of the main early defects in precast reinforced concrete, can be influenced by climate parameters, such as temperature, damp, and wind velocity [92]. The durability problems of concrete lie on the infiltration of water from the surface into the microstructure of the material, destabilizing its chemical behavior [93], for which plastic cracking offers deep paths [92].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ACF, the emergence of plastic cracking, one of the main early defects in precast reinforced concrete, can be influenced by climate parameters, such as temperature, damp, and wind velocity [92]. The durability problems of concrete lie on the infiltration of water from the surface into the microstructure of the material, destabilizing its chemical behavior [93], for which plastic cracking offers deep paths [92]. Nevertheless, structural codes [72] have a determinant influence on the design of ACF and likely contribute to make it a robust cladding solution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

et al. 2021

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Façades, as the most external building envelope component, are subject to different ex-ternal environmental loads, such as: Temperature, precipitation, damp, and wind. Therefore, the contribution of environmental actions to the occurrence of defects in façades claddings is an important subject of study since these actions strongly affect the degradation process and natural ageing of these components during their service life. In this study, a methodology to support decision-makers in the process of selecting a façade cladding system and the maintenance strategy to implement is presented and discussed. This methodology covers the performance of four façade claddings (ceramic tiling systems (CTS), natural stone claddings (NSC), external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS), and architectural concrete façades (ACF)) over time, according to three environmental exposure variables (exposure to damp, distance from the sea, and orientation). The databases were established based on the diagnosis of the degradation condition of these claddings in-service conditions, in Portugal. The results reveal that the environmental exposure variables have a significant impact on maintenance requirements and costs. For all the categories of the environmental exposure condition variables, under all scenarios, ETICS is the least favorable constructive solution while CTS is the most advantageous solution. Furthermore, the results show that properly implemented maintenance activities enhance the performance level of building components, which positively affects their degradation behavior over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

et al. 2021

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“…Plastic shrinkage occurs as a result of rapid evaporation of water from surfaces, which exceeds the amount of water available to replenish surface by bleeding. A direct consequence of this disproportion is a build-up of high hydraulic pressure (capillary pressure), which increases in an inverse proportion to the radii of water menisci between solid particles [10,11]. As a result, an increase in contracting forces induces both settlement and shrinkage deformation along the surface of concrete [7,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of shrinkage by Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in fibre reinforced mortars

Rostami

Klemm

Almeida

2021

Construction and Building Materials

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“…In the early age of a concrete structure, due to the self-drying effect of cement-based materials [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] or external drying [ 5 , 6 ], the humidity of the concrete decreases, which leads to drying shrinkage deformation of different parts of the structure. The drying shrinkage of the surface of the structure is restrained by the internal concrete, which will produce considerable tensile stress and easily cause surface cracks [ 7 , 8 ]. If the surface cracks are superimposed on the temperature stress or other harmful factors, they will develop deep cracks, or penetrating cracks [ 9 , 10 ] will occur, which seriously endanger the safety of the structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Cracking Mechanism of Early-Age Restrained Concrete under High-Temperature and Low-Humidity Environment

Yuan

Shen

et al. 2021

Materials

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How to prevent the cracking of tunnel lining concrete under a high-temperature and low-humidity environment has gradually become a challenge faced by the engineering community. Actually, the concrete structure will be restrained, which easily leads to cracking. Aiming at this problem, a self-restraint device of concrete specimens was designed in this paper, which aims to more realistically simulate the restrained state of concrete structures during construction. SEM, EDS and XRD detection methods were used to study the macroscopic and microscopic properties of an early-age restrained concrete specimen under a high-temperature and low-humidity environment, and the results were compared with those of a non-restrained concrete specimen. The results show that the change in the internal relative humidity of the concrete was an extremely slow process, and the response rate of the internal humidity of the concrete was much slower than that of the temperature. A cubic curve model was used to fit the measured concrete damage degree with the loading age, and the fitting effect was good. Under the environment of high temperature and low humidity, the loading age from the 0.6th day to the 1st day was the period of a relatively large fluctuation in the concrete temperature and humidity, and the restraint would aggravate the damage of the concrete. The damage degree increased with the increase in the loading age, the microcracks gradually increased and, finally, macrocracks were formed. The restraint effect was to intensify the formation of microcracks, affect the hydration of the cement at the micro level and, finally, increase the risk of concrete cracking perpendicular to the restrained direction at the macro level. The research results may provide guidance for research on the cracking mechanism of tunnel lining concrete constructed under a high-temperature and low-humidity environment.

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State-of-the-art review on plastic cracking of concrete

Cited by 90 publications

References 75 publications

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

Impact of Environmental Exposure Conditions on the Maintenance of Facades’ Claddings

Reduction of shrinkage by Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) in fibre reinforced mortars

Research on Cracking Mechanism of Early-Age Restrained Concrete under High-Temperature and Low-Humidity Environment

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