State-of-the-art Processing Solutions of Steelmaking Residuals

Rieger, Johannes; Schenk, Johannes

doi:10.1007/s00501-020-00950-x

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…Most of the dust is iron oxide with 10-40% zinc and trace amounts of lead, cadmium, chromium and arsenic. Figure 5 show the absolute weights and relative proportions of residues produced by BF/BOF and EAF processes [14]. Slags are the residues produced in larger quantities (150 kg to 300 kg per ton of steel produced).…”

Section: Zinc Recovery From Secondary Raw Materials With Other Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling potential of secondary zinc materials

Leeuwen,

Gay,

Grund

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Circularity is a decisive corner stone of a sustainable use of raw materials. This has been recognized at global level and is pushed forward specifically in Europe and e.g., Japan. Based on intensive desk top research and interviews with experts from the zinc industry, information on secondary raw materials for zinc recovery was compiled. This paper comprises of an overview of zinc bearing wastes, residues, and by-products occurring in all stages of zinc mining, production, as well as first-use and end-use production. These materials are quantified and characterized, and ways of recycling are described. As a result, potentials for an increase of zinc recycling rates are identified. Mine tailings are a meaningful resource for zinc recovery. Industrial wastes occurring in zinc smelters, such as Jarosite, Goethite, and their likes are in the scope of research projects aiming at recycling zinc and other valuable metals. Residues, ashes, drosses, slags that are produced in first use operation of the zinc value chain, such as galvanizing, zinc die casting, or brass plants are recycled almost completely in Europe and in many other regions in the world. The biggest potential for increasing recycling rates for zinc still lies in steel mill dusts. Also, the majority of zinc die cast parts seem to end up in waste incineration and dump sites. This low end-of-life zinc recycling rate bears room for additional recycling opportunities via an improvement of the intelligent collection and sorting of waste and other innovative recycling processes utilizing residues from waste-to-energy plants.

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Section: Zinc Recovery From Secondary Raw Materials With Other Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling potential of secondary zinc materials

Leeuwen,

Gay,

Grund

2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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70 Years of LD-Steelmaking—Quo Vadis?

Cappel

Ahrenhold

Egger

et al. 2022

Metals

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Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steelmaking is, worldwide, the most frequently applied process. According to the world steel organization statistical report, 2021, it saw a total production share of 73.2%, or 1371.2 million tons per year of the world steel production in 2020. The rest is produced in Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)-based steel mills (26.3%), and only a very few open-hearth and induction furnace-based steel mills. The BOF technology remains the leading technology applied based on its undoubted advantages in productivity and liquid steel composition control. The BOF technology started as the LD process 70 years ago, with the first heat applied in November 1952 in a steel mill in Linz, Austria. The name LD was formed from the first letters of the two sites with the first industrial scale plants, Linz and Donawitz, both in Austria. The history and development of the process have been honored in multiple anniversary publications over the last few decades. Nevertheless, the focus of the steel industry worldwide is significantly changing following a social and political trend and the requirement for fossil-free energy generation and industrial production to be in accordance with the world climate targets committed to in relation to the decades leading up to 2050. Iron and steel production is one of the major polluters of climate changing greenhouse gases; it must change to renewable primary energy sources and the use of climate-neutral reduction agents. Because it is very obvious that carbon, as the main component for steel strength properties, cannot be eliminated totally from the steel production process, the question arises of where a “zero carbon” approach can lead? This paper will review the ongoing success story of the LD-process, discuss the recent technology advancements, and give an outlook on the future role of the process in the steel industry.

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State-of-the-art Processing Solutions of Steelmaking Residuals

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Recycling potential of secondary zinc materials

Recycling potential of secondary zinc materials

70 Years of LD-Steelmaking—Quo Vadis?

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