In this study, the
mechanism of physical–chemical viscosity
reduction of different heavy oils under ultrasonic wave is explored.
Experiments of viscosity reduction and viscosity recovery of different
heavy oils under ultrasonic excitation were carried out, and the optimal
ultrasonic parameters, ultrasonic physical disturbance, and cavitation
viscosity reduction extent of different oil samples were determined.
Based on the element analysis methods, four-component analysis, gas
chromatography analysis, and formation water pH value test, the micro-mechanism
of the oil chemical structure change and water samples under ultrasonic
wave was analyzed. The results show that the water content, temperature,
and initial viscosity of heavy oil are the key to reduce the viscosity
of heavy oil. The higher viscosity of the initial oil sample, the
higher water content, and the temperature were needed. Compared with
the lower viscosity oil sample, the higher viscosity oil sample has
higher extent of cavitation viscosity reduction and lower extent of
physical disturbance viscosity reduction under ultrasonic wave. After
ultrasonic treatment, the contents of heteroatoms, resins, and asphaltenes
in heavy oil samples with high viscosity decreased significantly,
and the conversion extent of high carbon chain to low carbon chain
was greater. In addition, the pH of water in heavy oils decreased
after ultrasonic treatment, and the pH of water in high viscosity
heavy oil decreased more significantly after ultrasonic treatment.