State-of-the-art on the production and application of carbon nanomaterials from biomass

Abstract

Biomass serves as a green and low-cost source of carbon, catalysts and catalyst supports for the preparation of carbon nanomaterials.

Recent progress on biomass‐derived ecomaterials toward advanced rechargeable lithium batteries

“…Biomass, holding the traits of high carbon content has been regarded as a very suitable raw precursor to prepare porous carbon materials for advanced Li‐based batteries . In fact, biomass materials are endowed with unique structures, which consequently confer biomass‐derived carbonaceous materials with versatile microstructures and special characteristics …”

“…Host materials featuring highly porous structure and large surface area can allow sufficient space to encapsulate the electrode active phase and abundant active electrode/electrolyte interface for promoting reversible electrochemical conversions. Meanwhile, high porosity can enhance Li ion transport kinetics within the electrode, which should also be emphasized in the design of conductive carbon matrix . Zhong and coworkers developed a puffing process to produce porous carbon (PRC) as a sulfur cathode host derived from rice (Figure A) .…”

“…Meanwhile, high porosity can enhance Li ion transport kinetics within the electrode, which should also be emphasized in the design of conductive carbon matrix. [96][97][98][99] Zhong and coworkers developed a puffing process to produce porous carbon (PRC) as a sulfur cathode host derived from rice ( Figure 4A). 100 The resultant materials exhibited a unique porous microcellular structure, providing enough space to homogeneously confine active More interestingly, the inherent structure and morphology in biomass sources can always be well retained after treatment.…”

Synthesis of graphene-like carbon from agricultural side stream with magnesiothermic reduction coupled with atmospheric pressure induction annealing

“…Thermally treated biomass typically results in partially ordered amorphous carbon/graphene stack composites, and carbon structures composing of randomly organized small crystalline domains. In addition, biomasses contain inherently heteroatoms (H/N/O/S) bound to carbon and other elements (K, Na, Mg, Fe etc), which can be problematic in the synthesis [8][9][10]. Therefore, approaches such as the use of catalysts or the pre-treatment of the biomass are required to obtain ordered graphitic or graphene-like Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.…”

Porous carbon material derived from fungal hyphae and its application for the removal of dye

“…Biomass carbon is a carbon-rich product which is derived from biomass via high temperature pyrolysis (without oxygen or with limited oxygen content). 1 Recently, it has become a research hotspot [2][3][4][5][6] due to its unique advantages (huge specic surface area and abundant functional groups, etc.) and wide applications 7,8 (catalysts, adsorbents, separation materials, gas and energy storage materials, electrochemical materials, etc.).…”