State of the art of prosthesis simulators for the upper limb: A narrative review

Sinke, Maaike; Chadwell, Alix; Smit, Gerwin

doi:10.1016/j.rehab.2022.101635

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The attachment of a terminal device to a simulated prosthesis presents several challenges. The position of the terminal device can affect the centre of mass or obscure the view of the prosthesis [ 40 ], which may affect visuomotor behaviour. In addition, the long-term use of a simulated prosthetic device has yet to be explored, therefore it is unknown whether visuomotor behaviours observed during initial testing sessions are representative of long-term device use for prosthesis users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of eye tracking metrics used to assess visuomotor behaviours of upper limb prosthesis users

Cheng

Rehani

Hebert

2023

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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Advanced upper limb prostheses aim to restore coordinated hand and arm function. However, this objective can be difficult to quantify as coordinated movements require an intact visuomotor system. Eye tracking has recently been applied to study the visuomotor behaviours of upper limb prosthesis users by enabling the calculation of eye movement metrics. This scoping review aims to characterize the visuomotor behaviours of upper limb prosthesis users as described by eye tracking metrics, to summarize the eye tracking metrics used to describe prosthetic behaviour, and to identify gaps in the literature and potential areas for future research. A review of the literature was performed to identify articles that reported eye tracking metrics to evaluate the visual behaviours of individuals using an upper limb prosthesis. Data on the level of amputation, type of prosthetic device, type of eye tracker, primary eye metrics, secondary outcome metrics, experimental task, aims, and key findings were extracted. Seventeen studies were included in this scoping review. A consistently reported finding is that prosthesis users have a characteristic visuomotor behaviour that differs from that of individuals with intact arm function. Visual attention has been reported to be directed more towards the hand and less towards the target during object manipulation tasks. A gaze switching strategy and delay to disengage gaze from the current target has also been reported. Differences in the type of prosthetic device and experimental task have revealed some distinct gaze behaviours. Control factors have been shown to be related to gaze behaviour, while sensory feedback and training interventions have been demonstrated to reduce the visual attention associated with prosthesis use. Eye tracking metrics have also been used to assess the cognitive load and sense of agency of prosthesis users. Overall, there is evidence that eye tracking is an effective tool to quantitatively assess the visuomotor behaviour of prosthesis users and the recorded eye metrics are sensitive to change in response to various factors. Additional studies are needed to validate the eye metrics used to assess cognitive load and sense of agency in upper limb prosthesis users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of eye tracking metrics used to assess visuomotor behaviours of upper limb prosthesis users

Cheng

Rehani

Hebert

2023

J NeuroEngineering Rehabil

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“…Finally, we have only validated this workload measure in able-bodied participants using a simulator so it is possible that the results might not reflect the workload experienced in the clinical population. While this is a notable limitation of this work, previous research using prosthesis simulators has shown comparable kinematic profiles [ 27 ] visuomotor behaviours [ 3 , 6 ] and perceptual experiences [ 28 ] to prosthesis users, suggesting that using a simulator provides a useful surrogate to provide an insight into the sensory-motor deficits that prosthesis users face when learning and using a prosthesis [ 29 ]. That said, further validation in clinical users is needed and future research should seek to apply the PROS-TLX during the rehabilitation of amputees and in long-term prosthesis users.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tool for measuring mental workload during prosthesis use: The Prosthesis Task Load Index (PROS-TLX)

et al. 2023

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When using a upper-limb prosthesis, mental, emotional, and physical effort is often experienced. These have been linked to high rates of device dissatisfaction and rejection. Therefore, understanding and quantifying the complex nature of workload experienced when using, or learning to use, a upper-limb prosthesis has practical and clinical importance for researchers and applied professionals. The aim of this paper was to design and validate a self-report measure of mental workload specific to prosthesis use (The Prosthesis Task Load Index; PROS-TLX) that encapsulates the array of mental, physical, and emotional demands often experienced by users of these devices. We first surveyed upper-limb prosthetic limb users who confirmed the importance of eight workload constructs taken from published literature and previous workload measures. These constructs were mental demands, physical demands, visual demands, conscious processing, frustration, situational stress, time pressure and device uncertainty. To validate the importance of these constructs during initial prosthesis learning, we then asked able-bodied participants to complete a coin-placement task using their anatomical hand and then using a myoelectric prosthesis simulator under low and high mental workload. As expected, using a prosthetic hand resulted in slower movements, more errors, and a greater tendency to visually fixate the hand (indexed using eye-tracking equipment). These changes in performance were accompanied by significant increases in PROS-TLX workload subscales. The scale was also found to have good convergent and divergent validity. Further work is required to validate whether the PROS-TLX can provide meaningful clinical insights to the workload experienced by clinical users of prosthetic devices.

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Reducing Grip Uncertainty During Initial Prosthetic Hand Use Improves Eye-Hand Coordination and Lowers Mental Workload

Mohamed,

Wood,

Wright

et al. 2024

Journal of Motor Behavior

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State of the art of prosthesis simulators for the upper limb: A narrative review

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

A scoping review of eye tracking metrics used to assess visuomotor behaviours of upper limb prosthesis users

A scoping review of eye tracking metrics used to assess visuomotor behaviours of upper limb prosthesis users

A tool for measuring mental workload during prosthesis use: The Prosthesis Task Load Index (PROS-TLX)

Reducing Grip Uncertainty During Initial Prosthetic Hand Use Improves Eye-Hand Coordination and Lowers Mental Workload

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