State of the Art of Innate Immunity—An Overview

Fischer, Silvia; Deindl, Elisabeth

doi:10.3390/cells11172705

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…Innate immunity is the initial phase of defence against viral and bacterial infections and sterile inflammation [ 1 ]. It is a nonspecific defence mechanism that the host uses after an antigen encounter, instantly or within a few hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminalia brownii Fresen: Stem Bark Dichloromethane Extract Alleviates Pyrogallol‐Induced Suppression of Innate Immune Responses in Swiss Albino Mice

Mbiri

Ogila

Kisangau

et al. 2023

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Terminalia brownii is widely used in folklore medicine and has diverse biological activities. However, its effect on the immune system is yet to be studied. Therefore, our study evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of T. brownii on nonspecific immunity. Innate immunity is the initial defence phase against pathogens or injuries. Dichloromethane plant extracts were tested on female Swiss albino mice and Wister rats. The effect of the extract on innate immunity was assessed via total and differential leukocyte counts, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages. The 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was employed for viability testing. Phytochemical profiling was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, while toxicity studies were carried out following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines. Our results demonstrated that administration of T. brownii stem bark dichloromethane extract to pyrogallol-immuno compromised mice significantly ( p < 0.05 ) increased total and differential leukocyte counts compared with the control. The extract showed no adverse effect on the viability of Vero cells and macrophages and significantly ( p < 0.05 ) augmented tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production. Hexadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, octadecanoic acid, squalene, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol, all of which stimulate, were identified in the extract. The extract did not cause any death or toxic signs in rats. In conclusion, T. brownii dichloromethane extract has an immunoenhancing effect on innate immune responses and is not toxic. The observed immunoenhancing impact of the extract was attributed to the presence of the identified compounds. The results of this study provide crucial ethnopharmacological leads towards the development of novel immunomodulators for managing immune-related disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminalia brownii Fresen: Stem Bark Dichloromethane Extract Alleviates Pyrogallol‐Induced Suppression of Innate Immune Responses in Swiss Albino Mice

Mbiri

Ogila

Kisangau

et al. 2023

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The regulation of cGAS-STING signaling by RNA virus-derived components

Xie,

Zhu

2024

Virol J

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The Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) serves as a key innate immune signaling axis involved in the regulation of various human diseases. It has been found that cGAS-STING pathway can recognize a variety of cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), contributing to cause a robust type I interferon response thereby affecting the occurrence and progression of viral infection. Accumulating evidence indicates RNA virus-derived components play an important role in regulating cGAS-STING signaling, either as protective or pathogenic factors in the pathogenesis of diseases. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the function of RNA virus-derived components in regulating cGAS-STING signaling will provide insights into developing novel therapies. Here, we review the existing literature on cGAS-STING pathway regulated by RNA virus-derived components to propose insights into pharmacologic strategies targeting the cGAS-STING pathway.

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State of the Art of Innate Immunity—An Overview

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Terminalia brownii Fresen: Stem Bark Dichloromethane Extract Alleviates Pyrogallol‐Induced Suppression of Innate Immune Responses in Swiss Albino Mice

Terminalia brownii Fresen: Stem Bark Dichloromethane Extract Alleviates Pyrogallol‐Induced Suppression of Innate Immune Responses in Swiss Albino Mice

The regulation of cGAS-STING signaling by RNA virus-derived components

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