State-of-the-art of intelligent building envelopes in the context of intelligent technical systems

Abstract

The high and increasing requirements concerning energy consumption and the interior comfort of buildings result in a demand for more efficient façade constructions. In its role as a mediator between the exterior and interior of a building, the façade takes on a multitude of functions with effect on the building's performance. Intelligent façades offer higher performances compared to static constructions, achieved by dynamic adjustments to changing environmental influences and interior requirements. Such systems are being explored and already applied. The concept of intelligent façades exists since the beginning of the 1980s. Since then, the technological possibilities for the implementation of intelligent systems have multiplied. Today, the fourth industrial revolution is based on the implementation of intelligent and networked production facilities. Considering the current exploration of intelligent technical systems in the industry, the understanding and the demands on the intelligence of a system change. The aim of this study is to examine the comprehension of an intelligent system in the context of the façade and in the context of the industry. This is to provide the basis for subsequent research on the transferability of strategies. The study provides used terms, relevant aspects, current definitions and characteristics of the respective intelligent system.

Industry 4.0 for the Construction Industry—How Ready Is the Industry?

“…Four papers were categorized as systematic literature reviews (SLRs), reviewing the trend toward digitization and automation of the construction industry and identifying and classifying the pattern of the research themes. SLRs are used to comprehensively locate and synthesize related research, using organized, transparent, and replicable procedures at each step in the process [77]. Another method of review used in the summarized papers was Longitudinal Literature Review (LLR).…”

Current trends and future challenges in the performance assessment of adaptive façade systems

“…performance benefits compared to conventional alternatives (e.g. [28,29,40,75,76,14] ). However, despite continued technological development of façade solutions, many of which break new ground with respect to innovative dynamic use of façade glazing and fenestration, AF have not yet achieved a significant market share.…”

Future trends and main concepts of adaptive facade systems

“…48,74 Moreover, our proposed overview and presented framework, in this study, remains only relevant when explored in the content of a previous recent study. 9,19,20,61,75…”

“…17,18 Adaptive facades fall under broader definitions of sustainable facades or high-performance building envelopes. 19 The most recent definition of adaptive facades was proposed by Böke et al 20 Based on the above-mentioned studies, adaptive facades can be defined as building envelope elements with thermal and/or solar, and/or visual properties (eg, transparency) that vary in time, either passively or owing to an active control. The aim of an adaptive building envelope element is to improve the energy performance and/or comfort in the building under varying outdoor conditions (eg, weather, season), indoor conditions (eg, internal heat gains), and user requirements.…”

“…Also, the study by Böke, Knaack, and Hemmerling examined the comprehension of an intelligent system in the context of the facade and in the context of the industry. 20 The study provided a comparative review of responsive facade systems. 5,35 Moreover, the study of HeidariMatin and Eydghai is the most comprehensive study that reviewed adaptive facades for implemented technologies in relation to their benefits and shortcomings.…”