State of the art of functional electrical stimulation in France

Albert, Adelin; Jm, André

doi:10.3109/09638288409166962

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…11 Application of an electrical current to the skin stimulates lower motor nerves and muscle fibres resulting in improved contractility and greater muscle bulk. 12 Decreased spasticity and sensory cortex activation occurs via afferent neuron stimulation, with additional information being provided by the proprioceptive and visual perception of ESinduced joint movement. [13][14][15] Clinical reports have suggested that ES can improve muscle group strength, joint malalignment, muscle tone, sensory deficits, pain-free range of passive humeral lateral rotation (PHLR) and selfreported pain intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical stimulation for preventing and treating post-stroke shoulder pain: a systematic Cochrane review

2001

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical stimulation for preventing and treating post-stroke shoulder pain: a systematic Cochrane review

2001

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“…Application of an electrical current to the skin has been shown to stimulate lower motor nerves and muscle fibers, resulting in improved contractility and greater muscle bulk. Importantly, it has also been shown to decrease sensory cortex activation via stimulation of unmyelinated afferent neurons [60]. Clinical reports have suggested that electrical stimulation can improve muscle strength, joint malalignment, muscle tone, sensory deficits, and self-reported pain intensity [61].…”

Section: Surface Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain

Maxwell¹,

Nguyen²

2013

Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep

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Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States. However, due to advancements in medical care, more and more Americans are surviving the acute event and living with disability of varying degrees. One factor that has been shown to decrease functional recovery and quality of life in this population is hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP). Due to the diverse nature of possible etiologies, the exact cause of HSP in a patient is often obscure, thus making effective treatment equally as elusive. Therapy remains a mainstay of treatment in HSP of any etiology, especially when coupled with functional electrical stimulation. Both corticosteroid and botulinum toxin A injections have been show to be efficacious in certain subpopulations experiencing HSP and studies centered around new technology in the realm of implantable microstimulators show promising results.

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“…Peroneal nerve stimulation may suppress ankle clonus in ambulatory hemiplegic patients via reciprocal inhibition (78). Electrical stimulation has limited but defined applications as a dorsiflexor-assist during hemiplegic gait, and as a hand-opening educational device in the plegic upper extremity (79,80).…”

Section: Electrical Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Spastic Hypertonia After Stroke

Katz

1991

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair

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Therapeutic intervention for the post-stroke hemiplegic with spastic hypertonia must be individualized to the patient's needs, but generally includes frequent range of motion. Therapeutic exercise, cold, or topical anesthesia may decrease reflex activity for short periods of time in order to facilitate minimal motor function. Casting and splinting techniques are extremely valuable to extend joint range diminished by hypertonicity. Dantrolene sodium is the pharamacologic agent of choice in the United States for the treatment of spastic hypertonia due to stroke. It is the only available drug that acts directly on muscle tissue. Peripheral electrical stimulation may have limited use in diminishing tone and facilitating paretic muscles. Phenol injections provide a valuable transition between short-term and long-term treatments, and offer remediation of hypertonia in selected muscle groups. Tenotomies and tendon transfers offer significant benefit in carefully chosen stroke patients, and the "SPLATT" procedure is one of the most successful rehabilitative surgeries. Achilles Tendon lengthening and release of long toe flexors may complement the SPLATT procedure in the management of the hemiplegic with spastic equinovarus. Key Words: muscle hypertonia, muscle spasticity, brain injury, stroke, neuropharmacology.Spasticity is one of the most important impairments for patients following stroke. Any professional caring for the cerebrovascular hemiplegic is familiar with the common synergic patterns of flexion in the upper extremity and extension in the lower. Before treatment is initiated, however, the physician needs to address several important questions. Is there a functional impairment due to the spastic hypertonia? How is gait disturbed? Does the pain that can be associated with &dquo;spasms&dquo; disturb the patient's sleep? Is the lower extremity extensor tone useful to the patient in supporting him during his gait pattern? A stereotyped therapeutic approach has been proposed (1), but as in many aspects of neurological rehabilitation, treatment is best individualized to a particular patient (2). A daily stretching program is an integral component of any management program for spastic hypertonia. A common bedside observation is that resistance progressively diminishes as one continuously ranges a limb and repeats the motion. Regular ranging of a patient's limbs helps prevent contractures, and can reduce the severity of spastic tone for several hours. The reasons for this &dquo;carry over&dquo; of ranging are not completely clear, but could be related to mechanical changes in the musculotendinous unit, as well as to plastic changes within the central nervous system. These plastic events may correlate with short-and long-term modulation of synaptic efficacy associated with neurotransmitter changes on a cellular level. Habituation of reflex activity has been studied in the marine snail Aplysia californica, which has a simple nervous system. The snail has a reflex for withdrawing its respiratory organ and siphon that is si...

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State of the art of functional electrical stimulation in France

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Electrical stimulation for preventing and treating post-stroke shoulder pain: a systematic Cochrane review

Electrical stimulation for preventing and treating post-stroke shoulder pain: a systematic Cochrane review

Management of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain

Management of Spastic Hypertonia After Stroke

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