State of the art in benefit–risk analysis: Food and nutrition

Tijhuis, Marja; Jong, Nynke de; Pohjola, Mikko; Gunnlaugsdóttir, Helga; Hendriksen, Marieke; Hoekstra, Jeljer; Holm, F.; Kalogeras, N.; Leino, O.; Leeuwen, F.X.R. van; Luteijn, Michiel; Magnússon, S.H.; Odekerken, G.; Rompelberg, C.J.M.; Tuomisto, Jouni T.; Ueland, Øydis; White, B.C.; Verhagen, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.010

Cited by 64 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Indeed, the formation of MN in fish has been increasingly used, in field and laboratorial studies, to detect both the genotoxic potential of pollutants and as an indicator of chromosomal injury (Al-Sabti and Hardig 1990;Al-Sabti and Metcalfe 1995;Baršienė et al 2012;Bolognesi et al 2006;Buschini et al 2004;Cavalcante et al 2008;De Flora et al 1993;Hooftman and de Raat 1982;Hose et al 1987;Minissi et al 1996;Rocha et al 2009;Vigano et al 2002;Winter et al 2007). Besides, if by the one hand the appearance of MN in fish is valuable in ecological risk assessment-even able to disclose the risk of human exposure to drinking water with genotoxicants-on the other hand, the affected fish also pose risks, as feeding is well established as a major toxicant exposure route in human populations (Oates and Cohen 2009;Tijhuis et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of micronuclei and of other nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of the grey mullet from the Mondego, Douro and Ave estuaries—Portugal

Carrola

Santos

Rocha

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Fish are bioindicators of water pollution, and an increased rate of their erythrocyte nuclear morphological abnormalities (ENMAs)-and particularly of erythrocyte micronuclei (EMN)-is used as a genotoxicity biomarker. Despite the potential value of ENMAs and MN, there is scarce information about fish captured in Iberian estuaries. This is the case of the Portuguese estuaries of the Mondego, Douro and Ave, suffering from different levels of environmental stress and where chemical surveys have been disclosing significant amounts of certain pollutants. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicants impacts and infer about the exposure at those ecosystems, using the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) as bioindicator and considering the type and frequency of nuclear abnormalities of erythrocytes as proxies of genotoxicity. Sampling of mullets was done throughout the year in the important Mondego, Douro and Ave River estuaries (centre and north-western Portugal). The fish (total n=242) were caught in campaigns made in spring-summer and autumnwinter, using nets or fishing rods. The sampled mullets were comparable between locations in terms of the basic biometric parameters. Blood smears were stained with Diff-Quik to assess the frequencies of six types of ENMAs and MN (given per 1,000 erythrocytes). Some basic water physicochemical parameters were recorded to search for fluctuations matching the ENMAs. Overall, the most frequent nucleus abnormality was the polymorphic type, sequentially followed by the blebbed/ lobed/notched, segmented, kidney shaped, vacuolated, MN and binucleated. The total average frequency of the ENMAs ranged from 73‰ in the Mondego to 108‰ in the Ave. The polymorphic type was typically ≥50 % of the total ENMAs, averaging about 51‰, when considering all three estuaries. The most serious lesion-the MN-in fish from Mondego and Douro had a similar frequency (≈0.38‰), which was significantly lower than that in the Ave (0.75‰). No significant seasonal differences existed as to the MN rates and seasonal differences existed almost only in the Douro, with the higher values in AW. In general, the pattern of ENMAs frequencies was unrelated with the water physicochemical parameters. Considering the data for both the total ENMAs and for each specific abnormality, and bearing in mind that values of MN in fish erythrocytes >0.3‰ usually reflect pollution by genotoxicants, it is suggested that mullets were likely being chronically exposed to such compounds, even in the allegedly less polluted ecosystem (Mondego). Moreover, data supported the following pollution

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of micronuclei and of other nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of the grey mullet from the Mondego, Douro and Ave estuaries—Portugal

Carrola

Santos

Rocha

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Future discussions may focus on adaptations to the risk analysis framework to facilitate increasing requirements for nutrition risk-benefit assessment in the development of DRV (26,36) . Furthermore, how to meet the challenge of incorporating developing evidence bases into risk assessment, such as those related to individual differences (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communication of scientific uncertainty: international case studies on the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values

Brown

Wit

Timotijević

et al. 2014

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Transparent evidence-based decision making has been promoted worldwide to engender trust in science and policy making. Yet, little attention has been given to transparency implementation. The degree of transparency (focused on how uncertain evidence was handled) during the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values was explored in three a priori defined areas: (i) value request; (ii) evidence evaluation; and (iii) final values. Design: Qualitative case studies (semi-structured interviews and desk research). A common protocol was used for data collection, interview thematic analysis and reporting. Results were coordinated via cross-case synthesis. Setting: Australia and New Zealand, Netherlands, Nordic countries, Poland, Spain and UK. Subjects: Twenty-one interviews were conducted in six case studies. Results: Transparency of process was not universally observed across countries or areas of the recommendation setting process. Transparency practices were most commonly seen surrounding the request to develop reference values (e.g. access to risk manager/assessor problem formulation discussions) and evidence evaluation (e.g. disclosure of risk assessor data sourcing/evaluation protocols). Fewer transparency practices were observed to assist with handling uncertainty in the evidence base during the development of quantitative reference values. Conclusions: Implementation of transparency policies may be limited by a lack of dedicated resources and best practice procedures, particularly to assist with the latter stages of reference value development. Challenges remain regarding the best practice for transparently communicating the influence of uncertain evidence on the final reference values. Resolving this issue may assist the evolution of nutrition risk assessment and better inform the recommendation setting process.

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“…4 Siguiendo las indicaciones de la regulación NHCR, las declaraciones necesitan tener una fundamentación (sustanciación) científica aprobada por la Agencia Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria (EFSA); pero la EFSA no sólo se encarga de las evaluaciones y controles, sino también establece los respectivos criterios metodológicos y mantiene un registro europeo de todas las declaraciones de salud autorizadas y desestimadas. 7,8 Aparte de la sustanciación científica de las declaraciones, la regulación pretende evitar que las declaraciones (etiquetas), tal como aparecen en los envases, confundan o engañen a los consumidores finales. La protección de los consumidores es un objetivo muy destacado de la regulación.…”

Section: La Regulación Europea De Las Declaraciones De Saludunclassified

“…Las declaraciones de salud, como elemento diferenciador, pueden impulsar no sólo la oferta de alimentos que proporcionan beneficios a los consumidores, sino también crear incentivos para que la industria invierta en innovación y desarrollo de nuevos productos. 8 Las evaluaciones científicas de la EFSA se llevan a cabo mediante su comisión de productos dietéticos, nutrición y alergias (Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies, NDA Panel). Esa comisión se encarga de redactar las recomendaciones para los solicitantes y establecer los criterios científicos que se aplican en las evaluaciones.…”

Section: La Regulación Europea De Las Declaraciones De Saludunclassified

¿Bueno para la salud? Un análisis de los requisitos de sustanciación científica en la regulación europea de las declaraciones de salud

Todt

Luján

2016

Salud Publica Mex

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State of the art in benefit–risk analysis: Food and nutrition

Cited by 64 publications

References 85 publications

Frequency of micronuclei and of other nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of the grey mullet from the Mondego, Douro and Ave estuaries—Portugal

Frequency of micronuclei and of other nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of the grey mullet from the Mondego, Douro and Ave estuaries—Portugal

Communication of scientific uncertainty: international case studies on the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values

¿Bueno para la salud? Un análisis de los requisitos de sustanciación científica en la regulación europea de las declaraciones de salud

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