State-of-the-art developments in carbon quantum dots (CQDs): Photo-catalysis, bio-imaging, and bio-sensing applications

Khan, Mohammad Ehtisham; Mohammad, Akbar; Yoon, Taeho

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134815

Cited by 132 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 264 publications

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“…[21][22][23] The formation of CDs mainly involves the aggregation of C, N, and O elements. [24][25][26][27] The proportions of these elements vary greatly among different types of CDs. The conjugated carbon sp 2 domains (chromophores) inside CDs are proposed to have planar fused aromatic ring structures similar to fluorescent organic molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation in carbon dots

Waterhouse

2022

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Carbon dots (CDs) possess outstanding luminescence properties, making them widely used in optical displays, anti‐counterfeiting systems, bioimaging, and sensors. Presently, there is much debate about the classification of CDs, as well as their formation process, structure, and fluorescence mechanisms. Aggregation plays an important role in the formation and fluorescence (e.g., aggregation‐induced emission) of CDs, yet is seldom studied in detail. This review aims fill this knowledge gap, by first exploring how aggregation leads to the formation of different types of CDs (e.g., graphene quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, and carbonized polymer dots), followed by a detailed examination of the effect of aggregation‐induced morphology on the luminescence properties and application of CDs. Finally, opportunities and challenges for the application of CDs in various applications are discussed, with the need for better mechanistic understanding of aggregation‐induced luminescence being an imperative.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation in carbon dots

Waterhouse

2022

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“…27 To date, the widely used carbon-based nanomaterials have been extensively and deeply explored in the field of bone regeneration. [28][29][30][31][32] However, reviews on CDs are still focused on biosensing, bioimaging and related fields; [33][34][35][36][37] a more focused overview of their applications in BTE is still lacking. Therefore, a systematic review of CDs with osteogenic-activity-related factors in the field of BTE may open up new research directions, which is of great significance to the selection of new biomaterials for bone regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in carbon dots: synthesis and applications in bone tissue engineering

et al. 2023

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“…Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as a small carbon nanoparticle with size less than 10 nm in diameter, have attracted much attention over the last few decades due to their luminescence properties and nanoscale size. [1][2][3][4] Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), as a subset of CQDs, are generally derived from graphene oxide or graphene and exhibit chemical and physical properties similar to those of graphene. [5][6][7][8][9][10] GQD synthesis can be easily achieved through a top-down or bottom-up approach from various precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%