State-of-the-Art Development in Liquid Crystal Biochemical Sensors

Zhan, Xiyun; Liu, Yan Jun; Yang, Kun‐Lin; Luo, Dan

doi:10.3390/bios12080577

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…Also, machine learning algorithms establish mathematical models based on the inputted multi-mode training data. The model consists of three layers: the input layer, hidden layer, and output layer, which are connected by weights [ 30 ]. The algorithm can automatically learn the mapping relationship between the input and the output.…”

Section: Sensing Mechanisms Of Multimode Sensors Based On Optical Mic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode sensing based on optical microcavities

Wu,

Duan,

et al. 2023

Front. Optoelectron.

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Optical microcavities have the ability to confine photons in small mode volumes for long periods of time, greatly enhancing light-matter interactions, and have become one of the research hotspots in international academia. In recent years, sensing applications in complex environments have inspired the development of multimode optical microcavity sensors. These multimode sensors can be used not only for multi-parameter detection but also to improve measurement precision. In this review, we introduce multimode sensing methods based on optical microcavities and present an overview of the multimode single/multi-parameter optical microcavities sensors. Expected further research activities are also put forward. Graphical abstract

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Section: Sensing Mechanisms Of Multimode Sensors Based On Optical Mic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimode sensing based on optical microcavities

Wu,

Duan,

et al. 2023

Front. Optoelectron.

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“…This pH planar LCS (pH PLCS) is designed on a substrate and relies on the interaction between liquid crystals and pH-sensitive components. 16 However, the overall sensitivity of the planar pH LCS is enslaved to the alignment layers, which are used to ensure a uniform and specific arrangement of LC molecules. 17 Achieving uniformity in the alignment of LC molecules across the entire planar surface can be challenging.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid crystal (LC) has been used as an alternative material for localized pH sensors due to its sensitivity to changes in pH environment. − The pH LC sensor (pH LCS) is often presented in a planar configuration. This pH planar LCS (pH PLCS) is designed on a substrate and relies on the interaction between liquid crystals and pH-sensitive components . However, the overall sensitivity of the planar pH LCS is enslaved to the alignment layers, which are used to ensure a uniform and specific arrangement of LC molecules .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time pH Sensor in Bacterial Microenvironments Using Liquid Crystal Core–Shell Microspheres

Xie,

Li,

Lin

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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It is well-known that the bacterial microenvironment imposes restrictions on the growth and behavior of bacteria. The localized monitoring of microenvironmental factors is appreciated when consulting bacterial adaptation and behavior in the presence of chemical or mechanical stimuli. Herein, we developed a novel liquid crystal (LC) biosensor in a microsphere configuration for real-time 3D monitoring of the bacteria microenvironment, which was implemented by a microfluidic chip. As a proof of concept, a LC gel (LC-Gel) microsphere biosensor was prepared and employed in the localized pH changes of bacteria by observing the configuration change of LC under polarized optical microscopy. Briefly, the microsphere biosensor was constructed in core−shell configuration, wherein the core contained LCE7 (a nematic LC) doped with 4pentylbiphenyl-4′-carboxylic acid (PBA), and the shell encapsulated the bacteria. The protonation of carboxyl functional groups of the PBA induced a change in charge density on the surface of LCE7 and the orientation of E7 molecules, resulting in the transitions of the LC nucleus from axial to bipolar. The developed LC-Gel microspheres pH sensor exhibited its dominant performance on localized pH real-time sensing with a resolution of 0.1. An intriguing observation from the prepared pH biosensor was that the diverse bacteria impelled distinct acidifying or alkalizing effects. Overall, the facile LC-Gel microsphere biosensor not only provides a versatile tool for label-free, localized pH monitoring but also opens avenues for investigating the effects of chemical and mechanical stimuli on cellular metabolism within bacterial microenvironments.

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“…Considering the applicational side of machine learning being used in relation to liquid crystals, one needs to mention a variety of sensors, 37 which are all based on stimulated texture transitions of nematic LCs. The general idea was introduced by the Abbott group 38 and later applied to biochemical sensors, 39 for example in the detection of endotoxins from different bacterial species, 40 but also during the recent pandemic for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. 41 With a rather similar experiment the general sensor ideas can also be employed to detect gases 42 and gas mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%