State of the art and prospectives of heterogeneous photocatalysts based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs): design, modification strategies, and their applications and mechanisms in photodegradation, water splitting, and CO₂reduction

Abstract

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have sparked a wave of research in the field of photocatalysis due to their ultra-high specific surface area, porous sparse structure, and tunable topology and composition...

A review of metal–organic framework (MOF) materials as an effective photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutants

“…Given the inherent photo redox behavior typically observed in POM-based MOFs, numerous instances of redox-active MOFs designed for the adsorption of organic pollutants have been documented in scientific literature. 200–203…”

“…Given the inherent photo redox behavior typically observed in POM-based MOFs, numerous instances of redox-active MOFs designed for the adsorption of organic pollutants have been documented in scientic literature. [200][201][202][203] Fig. 9 The (a) photocatalytic and (b) piezo-photocatalytic degradation of MB by ZnO, nZnO@PC, and the ZnO-based core-shell structure; the (c) comparison result of piezo-, photo-, and piezophoto-catalytic of ZnO, nZnO@PC, and ZnO-nZnO@PC; the kinetic fits correspond to the (d) piezo-photocatalytic degradation performance and (e) performance under different stimulations of ZnO, nZnO@PC, and ZnO-nZnO-PC coreshell structures; the (f) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of ZnO, nZnO@PC, and the optimal ZnO-nZnO-PC.…”

Defect-engineered Zr-MOFs with enhanced O2 adsorption and activation for photocatalytic H2O2 synthesis

“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are multifunctional materials constructed by coordination bonds between inorganic nodes (metal ions/metal clusters) and organic ligands, 10,11 which have a broad range of applications. 12–14 Particularly, due to their semiconducting behavior and tunable optical properties, MOFs are in the spotlight in photocatalysis.…”

Heterostructured Photocatalytic Fabric Composed of Ag3PO4 Nanoparticle-Decorated NH2-MIL-88B (Co/Fe) Crystalline Wires for Rhodamine B Adsorption and Degradation

“…Recently, the synthesis of bimetallic MOF with heterogeneous metal clusters has been attempted to attain superior adsorption and catalytic performance by manipulating the arrangement of metal nodes and creating the purposeful crystal defect. − Detailed characterization and theoretical investigations demonstrate that altering the type of metal clusters within the secondary building units (SBUs) of MOFs induces electronic interference in metal clusters. , This electronic interference offers the ability to finely tune the band structure, effectively adjusting the conduction band (CB) energy and the valence band (VB) energy to align with the redox potentials of •O 2 – and •OH – radicals, resulting in an enhanced quantum yield. ,, More prevalently, lowering the band gap energy has been pursued for effective photocatalytic activity under visible light; however, simple repositioning of CB and VB can cause undesired electron–hole recombination, leading to poor light utilization and sluggish reaction kinetics. − Thus, further refinements of band energy modification considering complex electron–hole interactions are necessary to overcome such constraints for effective photocatalytic application. , …”

“…The construction of hybrid catalysts in the Z-scheme heterojunction has been demonstrated as an effective strategy for improving photocatalytic performance by efficient electron–hole separation and increased redox capability. In designing such heterojunctions, metal oxides, graphitic compounds, and MOFs are commonly accompanied. ,,− Implementing the Z-scheme requires the selection of photocatalysts with suitable band energy for efficient generation of •O 2 – and •OH – radicals. , Especially, the heterojunction composed of a bimetallic MOF is more complex to understand the catalytic mechanism and its applicability. , …”