State of the Art and Problems of Defeat of Low, Slow and Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Abstract

The article deals with one of the most intensively developing threats for civilian and military spheres - hostile use of Low, Slow and Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (LSS UAVs). The classification of the LSS UAVs is given. The existing threats of using LSS UAVs are divided into three categories. Special attention is paid to the third category of threats, the main feature of which is a high level of training of the operator. Main advantages and drawbacks of LSS UAVs are considered. It is determined that the best strategy is to employ a hierarchy of countermeasures including regulatory countermeasures (prevention, deterrence, denial), passive countermeasures (detection and interruption) and active countermeasures (destruction). State of the art and current problems of possible countermeasures are analysed. The most promising LSS UAVs’ counteraction technologies are described. Most attention is paid to specialized sensors and modern active counteraction means, such as programmable air burst munition and high-energy laser systems.

Methodology for Assessing the Level of Threats when Using Small Arms against Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

“…Moreover, the resources [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] analyze and consider a wide range of global approaches to countering unmanned aerial aviation through destroying them directly by various means of destruction or interception of UAV control, as well as they deal with the ways to protect people and objects from the actions of UAV. In recent years, many UAVs of various classes and types have been developed and actively used in almost all current armed conflicts.…”

UWB Sensing for UAV and Human Comparative Movement Characterization

“…Although drones should only be used for the benefit of our society, there are entities that have used them to carry out physical and cyber-attacks on infrastructure, private or public property, and individuals [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The attackers seem particularly interested in the low, slow, and small UAV (LSS UAV) type since it is highly difficult to detect, which is suitable for offensive and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) applications [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Threats from and Countermeasures for Unmanned Aerial and Underwater Vehicles

“…Therefore, malicious UAVs are difficult to detect, track, and classify. The current detection, tracking, classification, and disabling methods for UAVs are not adequate to cover a wide spectrum of threats [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. A significant investment for finding credible solutions to countering malicious UAVs is underway by research communities and organizations all over the world [ 11 ].…”