State of crystallization of polyethylene terephthalate determined by the viscoelastic absorptions

Takayanagi, Motowo; Yoshino, Masatsugu; Minami, Shunsuke

doi:10.1002/pol.1962.1206117129

Cited by 56 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…They concluded that the decrease in y-loss with crystallinity was quite pronounced in specimens annealed a t high temperatures to high crystallinity in contrast to Illers and Breuer. Takayanagi et al 15 produced similar results to those of Armeniades and Baer although they did not elaborate on the point. Armeniades and Baer assigned the predominant y-loss components to carbonyl motions, because this cannot occur in crystalline structures with coplanar phenyl groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Transitions and relaxations of linear polyesters related to poly(ethylene terephthalate). II. Glassy and gamma

Yip

Williams

1976

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisThe 0-relaxation at Tg of the terephthalate and isophthalate series is due to molecular motions of the backbone chains in the amorphous region, but differs for the isophthalate series in that the p-phenylene group does not exhibit the free rotation possible for the rn-phenylene group. Consequently, the relaxation times of the terephthalate series are longer than for the isophthalate series. The y-relaxation (T,) for the higher homologues of the terephthalate series cannot be explained in terms of the poly(ethy1ene terephthalate) analogy. For poly(ethy1ene terephthalate) and poly(tetramethy1ene terephthalate), an induced cooperative type of motion of all the moieties is possible, whereby overlapping processes caused by "rocking vibrations" are observed as one y-peak. The resolution of the y-loss peaks for the above-mentioned polyesters into components is not possible at the experimental frequency of 110 Hz. For poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) and poly(decamethy1ene terephthalate), the "rocking vibrations" between the moieties of the skeletal chain are reduced so that even at a test frequency of 110 Hz, the yloss peaks could be resolved into two or three components. In the case of poly(decamethy1ene terephthalate), three components are resolved; the lowest temperature peak y1 is attributed to hindered motions of the methylene portions, the yz peak is attributed to motions of the carbonyl group in the gauche conformation, and the y3 peak is attributed to the carbonyl group in the trans conformation of the skeletal chain in the amorphous region. The general observations obtained by other techniques were confirmed by the forced vibration analyses. As the length of the methylene chain increased, Tg decreased. As crystallinity increased, the 0-relaxation moved to higher temperatures and the damping peak was smaller and broader. The damping peak moved to lower temperatures and increased in size as the length of the methylene chain increased. The damping peak was larger for the isophthalate homologue than for the corresponding terephthalate polyester.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Transitions and relaxations of linear polyesters related to poly(ethylene terephthalate). II. Glassy and gamma

Yip

Williams

1976

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…It is worth mentioning that many semi-crystalline polymers such as poly(ethylene terephtahlate) (PET) [43], poly(cabonate) (PC) [44], polypropylene (PP) [45], have been found to possess of in a three-phase structure consisting of crystalline, amorphous phases and a so-called third phase i.e., rigid amorphous phases (RAP). The RAP has the distinct chain mobility from conventional amorphous phase and can only unfreeze at a temperature higher than T g [46].…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic fluorescence studies of compatibility in thermoplastic phenol formaldehyde resin / poly(ε-caprolactone) blends

Yang¹,

Liu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Intrinsic fluorescence method was applied to study the miscibility and interactions of thermoplastic phenol formaldehyde resin (TPF) / poly(!-caprolactone) (PCL) blends. The characteristic intrinsic fluorescence emission of TPF at 313 nm showed the very good sensitivity to monitor the macromolecular chain motion in the TPF/PCL blends. The glass transition (T g ), crystallization (T c ), and melting transition point (T m ) of TPF/PCL blends were measured by the temperature dependence of intrinsic fluorescence intensities upon heating or cooling process. Interestingly, when TPF/PCL " 5/5, besides a T g for the amorphous phase of blend, another transition at temperature a little higher than T g of PCL can be observed by intrinsic fluorescence method. This microheterogeneity can be explained by the so-called 'rigid amorphous phase' (RAP) due to the good flexibility and the strong self-association of PCL chains in amorphous phase. Besides, the analysis of the dependence of T g on the content of PCL suggests that this microheterogeneity can attenuate the interactions between TPF and PCL chains and result in a lowering of T g s of blends. In view of the simplicity and sensitivity of measurement as well as affordability of instrument, intrinsic fluorescence proved to be an effective means for characterization of microstructural variation in polymer blends.

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“…That is why this section will deal only with some general problems mainly related to relaxation properties. Dynamic mechanical properties of polymers filled with polymeric and non-polymeric fillers can be described for the case of absence of interaction between the components on the basis of mechanical models proposed by Takayanagi (114). The composition can be schematically illustrated by his sketch 14a, in which the system type is at the left and the equivalent model at the right.…”

Section: Viscoelastic Properties Of Polymer Compositions With Dispersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation and viscoelastic properties of heterogeneous polymeric compositions

Lipatov

1977

Advances in Polymer Science

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State of crystallization of polyethylene terephthalate determined by the viscoelastic absorptions

Cited by 56 publications

References 3 publications

Transitions and relaxations of linear polyesters related to poly(ethylene terephthalate). II. Glassy and gamma

Transitions and relaxations of linear polyesters related to poly(ethylene terephthalate). II. Glassy and gamma

Intrinsic fluorescence studies of compatibility in thermoplastic phenol formaldehyde resin / poly(ε-caprolactone) blends

Relaxation and viscoelastic properties of heterogeneous polymeric compositions

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