State of Climate Action 2022

Boehm, Sophie; Jeffery, M. Louise; Levin, Kelly; Hecke, Judit; Schumer, Clea; Fyson, Claire; Majid, Aman Shah Abdul; Jaeger, Joel; Nilsson, Anna; Naimoli, Stephen; Thwaites, Joe; Cassidy, E. S.; Waite, Richard; Wilson, Ryan; Castellanos, Sebastián; Singh, Neelam; Lee, Anderson; Geiges, Andreas

doi:10.46830/wrirpt.22.00028

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 293 publications

(221 reference statements)

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“…Achieving the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement requires rapid global transformation of the power system, which is the single largest source of energy-related CO2 emissions globally, covering 42 per cent of total energyrelated emissions (International Energy Agency [IEA] 2021c). At least four shifts need to occur to decarbonize power: (1) steeply accelerating the share of zero-carbon power, (2) phasing out unabated coal and gas generation, (3) adapting grid/storage and demand management, and (4) ensuring reliable energy access for all (Boehm et al 2022).…”

Section: Electricity Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number of trips made by private light-duty vehicles needs to decrease by 4-14 per cent below business-as-usual levels by 2030. The number of kilometres of public transit per 1,000 inhabitants must be doubled by 2030, while the number of kilometres of high-quality bicycle lanes per 1,000 inhabitants should be increased fivefold (Transformative Urban Mobility Initiative 2021; Boehm et al 2022).…”

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Accelerate the move to zero-carbon cars and trucks: Light-duty electric vehicle sales reached 8.3 per cent of total sales in 2021 (Irle 2021). This must increase to between 35 per cent and 95 per cent by 2030, and reach 100 per cent by 2035, requiring an increase in the rate of change by 1.8 to 6 times in the next eight years (Bloomberg New Energy Finance [BloombergNEF] 2018;ICCT 2021;IEA 2021e;IRENA 2021;McKerracher et al 2022;Boehm et al 2022;Cheung and O'Donovan 2022). Heavier vehicles, including buses and medium-and heavy-duty vehicles (MHDVs), should also be decarbonized.…”

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Buses have proven to be a success story for vehicle electrification, reaching a high of 43 per cent of bus sales in 2017, driven largely by demand in China (BloombergNEF 2021). However, sales have slowed since then, falling to 39 per cent in 2020, whereas the share needs to increase to 60-100 per cent in 2030 and 100 per cent in 2050 (ICCT 2021;IEA 2021e;IRENA 2021;Boehm et al 2022;Sen and Miller 2022). Zero-carbon options for MHDVs have only just begun to hit the market, reaching 0.2 per cent of sales in 2020 (BloombergNEF 2021).…”

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zero-carbon options for MHDVs have only just begun to hit the market, reaching 0.2 per cent of sales in 2020 (BloombergNEF 2021). Electric and fuel cell MHDVs are required to reach between 5 and 45 per cent of sales in 2030, and 100 per cent between 2040 and 2050 (IEA 2021e;IRENA 2021;Boehm et al 2022;Sen and Miller 2022;Xie, Dallmann and Muncrief 2022).…”

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emissions Gap Report 2022

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DisclaimersThe designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Some illustrations or graphics appearing in this publication may have been adapted from content published by third parties. This may have been done to illustrate and communicate the authors' own interpretations of the key messages emerging from illustrations or graphics produced by third parties. In such cases, the material in this publication does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the source materials used as a basis for such graphics or illustrations.Mention of a commercial company or product in this document does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme or the authors. The use of information from this document for publicity or advertising is not permitted. Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion with no intention on infringement of trademark or copyright laws.The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme. We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made.

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Section: Electricity Supplymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the Carbon Substrate for Gas Diffusion Electrodes on the Electroreduction of CO₂ to Formate

Theußl,

Weinrich,

Heume

et al. 2023

ChemElectroChem

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Aiming to advance the technical maturity of CO2 electrolysis to formic acid, various gas diffusion layers (GDLs) are investigated for their suitability as carbon‐based substrate for gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) and their effect on the electroreduction of CO2 to formate. Particular attention lies on the elucidation for the effect of the GDL thickness, hydrophobic treatment, and presence of a microporous layer (MPL) on the GDE performance in terms of Faradaic efficiency. Based on the investigation it is found that the GDL thickness has no discernible influence on the Faradaic efficiency, while a GDE with a hydrophobic treatment of 10 % PTFE outperforms a GDE based on a GDL with 30 % PTFE. Furthermore, the presence of a MPL is found to be of marked importance to achieve relevant current densities given its effect on the focus of the catalyst layer on the GDE surface after spray coating, the wetting, and the electrical conductivity.

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The United Nations SDG13 and the EU27 countries performance: A comparative analysis

Sena,

Costa,

Leitão

et al. 2024

Environ Dev Sustain

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This paper evaluates the performance of the European Union 27 (EU-27), its supranational regions, and Member States (MSs) in relation to the Climate Action Sustainable Development Goal (SDG13) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. The Alkire–Foster method is used to develop the Multidimensional Climate Action Index (MCAI) framework. Regarding individual MSs’ overall performance, the results show that Sweden (Northern Europe) performs the best and Croatia (Central and Eastern Europe) the worst. In terms of the average overall performance of individual MSs in the EU-27 and its supranational regions, only Western and Northern Europe have satisfactory scores. Moreover, the performances of the various territories differ by target. This territorial heterogeneity illustrates how the SDG13 targets may require different efforts in each territory. The scores for the MCAI group measure depict an even worse picture. Except for Northern Europe, the proportion of MSs with a satisfactory individual overall composite score (H) is lower than their average overall composite score or intensity (A). The two regions with the lowest H scores (Southern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe) also have the lowest A scores and the lowest average GDP per capita.

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State of Climate Action 2022

Cited by 40 publications

References 293 publications

Transforming food systems

Transforming food systems

Impact of the Carbon Substrate for Gas Diffusion Electrodes on the Electroreduction of CO₂ to Formate

The United Nations SDG13 and the EU27 countries performance: A comparative analysis

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State of Climate Action 2022

Cited by 40 publications

References 293 publications

Transforming food systems

Transforming food systems

Impact of the Carbon Substrate for Gas Diffusion Electrodes on the Electroreduction of CO2 to Formate

The United Nations SDG13 and the EU27 countries performance: A comparative analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Impact of the Carbon Substrate for Gas Diffusion Electrodes on the Electroreduction of CO₂ to Formate