State Formation in Korea and Japan, 400–800 CE: Emulation and Learning, Not Bellicist Competition

Huang, Chin-Hao; Kang, David C.

doi:10.1017/s0020818321000254

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…9. Abramson 2017Bagge 2019;Gorski 2003;Grzymala-Busse 2020;Huang and Kang 2022a;Spruyt 2017. they learn to practically implement the reforms? Concretely, how did this process play out?…”

Section: Theories Of War and Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wisdom Is Welcome Wherever It Comes From: War, Diffusion, and State Formation in Scandinavia

Grynaviski

Steinsson

2023

Int Org

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Prominent theories of state formation hold that states formed because of warfare and competition on the one hand, or the diffusion of organizational templates and practices through learning and emulation on the other. We propose that the two strands of theory can be linked to more accurately account for mechanisms of state formation. War, we argue, is an important source of social diffusion. War establishes contacts between political elites across borders, generates migratory flows, and establishes new economic networks. We examine the validity of the theory through a comparative case study of Nordic political units from the dawn of the Viking Age to the end of the High Middle Ages (CE 800–1300), finding that raids, settlements, and conquests by Norwegian and Danish rulers in England, Europe's most advanced kingdom, set in motion state formation processes in Norway and Denmark. In these cases, the winners emulated the losers.

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“…9. Abramson 2017Bagge 2019;Gorski 2003;Grzymala-Busse 2020;Huang and Kang 2022a;Spruyt 2017. they learn to practically implement the reforms? Concretely, how did this process play out?…”

Section: Theories Of War and Competitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9.Abramson 2017; Bagge 2019; Gorski 2003; Grzymala-Busse 2020; Huang and Kang 2022a; Sharma 2017; Spruyt 2017.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wisdom Is Welcome Wherever It Comes From: War, Diffusion, and State Formation in Scandinavia

Grynaviski

Steinsson

2023

Int Org

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“…This logic suggests that when war is present in the process of state formation, as observed in European history, states are more likely to eliminate domestic rivals and develop strong institutions. While many scholars have found evidence in Tilly's thesis not only in the consolidation of European states but also in the development of the Indian, South Korean, and Taiwanese states (Dincecco et al, 2020;Herbst, 1990), others have argued that Tilly's theory of state formation does not account for Korea and Japan as these states weren't prone to any intense security threats (Huang & Kang, 2021).…”

Section: Colonial Legacies De-colonization and State Formation As The...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonial Legacies and (In)security in Africa: A Cameroonian Civil War Perspective

Ngwang

2022

AJIR

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Background: This article systematically analyzes the extent to which British and French colonial legacies influenced the outbreak of the Cameroonian civil war. Drawing on a theoretical argument that associates the likelihood of civil war with the tensions that arise from the challenges of state formation and state-building, this article revisits the process of state formation in Cameroon and argues that the Cameroonian civil war is an artifact of conflicting British and French colonial legacies. Purpose: This research aimed at examining the link between the British and French colonial legacies and the Cameroonian civil war. Methodology: This study was desk research. Secondary data sources like journal articles, databases, newspaper articles, blogs, monographs, and other internet materials were consulted. These materials were subjected to content validity before being considered and analyzed qualitatively in the study. Tilly’s warfare theory on modern state formation was used as an explanatory tool to deepen the understanding of the links between war and state formation and to better appreciate the impact of British and French colonial legacies on the processes of state formation and state-building in Cameroon. Findings: This paper demonstrated that although governance crises heightened tensions between British and French Cameroons, conflicting British and French colonial legacies constitute the root cause of the civil war. Anglophones have been disgruntled with the relatively low rates of investment in the Anglophone regions, political marginalization, the domination of the French language over the English language in official matters nationwide, and the ‘frenchification’ of the Anglo-Saxon education and judicial systems. Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: This article suggests that it is necessary for peacebuilders and policy experts to address colonial factors when designing policies aimed at resolving the Cameroonian civil war. Dealing only with governance crises without addressing the colonial roots of the problem runs the risk of relapse to conflict in the future. Also, because the British and French colonial legacies are at the center of the crisis, there is a need for Britain and France to revisit their terms of relations with Cameroon, galvanize global resources, and harmonize efforts to influence and foster the resolution of the conflict.

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“…52.Hoffman 2015. See Huang and Kang 2022 for a complementary discussion of how Japan and Korea built bureaucratic capacity in the first millennium AD. Despite their not typically facing a threat of Chinese invasion, mimicking China's institutions solidified the domestic power of the ruling coalitions in Japan and Korea.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Great Revenue Divergence

Lee

Paine

2022

Int Org

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This article describes and explains a previously overlooked empirical pattern in state revenue collection. As late as 1913, central governments in the West collected similar levels of per capita revenue as the rest of the world, despite ruling richer societies and experiencing a long history of fiscal innovation. Western revenue levels permanently diverged only in the following half-century. We identify the twentieth-century great revenue divergence by constructing a new panel data set of central government revenue with broad spatial and temporal coverage. To explain the pattern, we argue that sustainably high levels of revenue extraction require societal demand for an activist state, and a supply of effective bureaucratic institutions. Neither factor in isolation is sufficient. We formalize this insight in a game-theoretic model. The government can choose among low-effort, legibility-intensive, and crony-favoring strategies for raising revenues. Empirically, our theory accounts for low revenue intake in periods of low demand (the nineteenth-century West) or low bureaucratic capacity (twentieth-century former colonies), and for eventual revenue spikes in the West.

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State Formation in Korea and Japan, 400–800 CE: Emulation and Learning, Not Bellicist Competition

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Wisdom Is Welcome Wherever It Comes From: War, Diffusion, and State Formation in Scandinavia

Wisdom Is Welcome Wherever It Comes From: War, Diffusion, and State Formation in Scandinavia

Colonial Legacies and (In)security in Africa: A Cameroonian Civil War Perspective

The Great Revenue Divergence

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